Historian Gheorghe I. Brtianu considers that these words "represent an expression from the Romanian language, as it was formed at that time in the Balkan and Danube regions"; "they probably belong to one and the most significant of the substrates on which our (Romanian) language was built".[78]. [177], Painting of Transylvanian Romanian peasants from Abrud by Ion Theodorescu-Sion, Romanian family going to a fair, early 19th century, Traditional Romanian peasant costumes to the left, followed from left to right by Hungarian, Slavic, and German ones, Romanians from Transylvania, late 19th century, Romanian peasant costume from Bukovina, early 20th century, Romanians from Bukovina, early 20th century postcard, Romanians from Wallachia, early 19th century, Romanians from central Serbia, late 19th century, Romanian infantrymen from Wallachia, early 19th century, Romanian immigrants in New York City, late 19th century, Painting of a young Wallachian shepherd in the early 20th century by Ipolit Strmbu, Romanian peasants during the harvest season (1920), Mid-19th century French map depicting Romanians in Central and Eastern Europe, Modern distribution of the Eastern Romance-speaking ethnic groups (including, most notably, the Romanians), Romanians in Central Europe (coloured in blue), 1880, Ethnic map of Austria-Hungary and Romania, 1892, British map depicting territories inhabited by Eastern Romance peoples before the outbreak of World War I, Romanian speakers in Central and Eastern Europe, early 20th century, Map of the Kingdom of Romania at its greatest extent (19201940), Geographic distribution of ethnic Romanians in the early 21st century, Notable regions with inhabited by Eastern Romance speakers at the beginning of the 21st century, Map highlighting the three main sub-groups of Daco-Romanians, Geographic distribution of Romanians in Romania (coloured in purple) at commune level (2011 census), Geographic distribution of Romanian in Romania (coloured in purple) at county level (2011 census), For information on the population of Romania, see, Ethnic distribution of Romanians around the world, Includes additional 177,635 Moldovans in Transnistria; as per the 2004 census in Transnistria. [160] Like in all other Romance languages, the basic Romanian words related to Christianity are inherited from Latin, such as God (Dumnezeu < Domine Deus), church (biseric < basilica), cross (cruce < crux, -cis), angel (nger < angelus), saint (regional: sfn(t) < sanctus), Christmas (Crciun < creatio, -onis), Christian (cretin < christianus), Easter (pate < paschae), sin (pcat < peccatum), to baptise (a boteza < batizare), priest (preot < presbiterum), to pray (a ruga < rogare), faith (credin < credentia), and so on. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Europeans have long portrayed the Roma/Gypsies as cunning outsiders who steal from local residents before moving. For example, according to a 2006 Eurobarometer poll, only 23% of Romanians attend church once a week or more. Les "Blachoi" de Kinnamos et Choniats et la prsence militaire byzantine au nord du Danube sous les Comnnes. The Roma are an ethnic people who have migrated across Europe for a thousand years. However, ethnic Hungarians and Germans were the dominant urban population until relatively recently, while Hungarians still constitute the majority in Harghita and Covasna counties. v.1: "Mysl.1987. An eastern Romanian: 0.1% Southeast Asian + 0.1% Broadly East Asian + less than 0.1% Broadly East Asian and Native American Another eastern Romanian: 0.6% Mongolian + 0.1% Yakut + 0.2% Broadly East Asian Another eastern Romanian: 0.9% East Asian, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% Broadly East Asian and Native American Before World War II, minorities represented more than 28% of the total population. What is a Gypsy and What Do Gypsies Believe? - Crosswalk.com 4954, Ibn al Nadim, al-Fihrist. Writing about ethnicity - GOV.UK [91][92], A series of Byzantine historians, such as George Kedrenos (circa 1000), Kekaumenos (circa 1000), John Skylitzes (early 1040s after 1101), Anna Komnene (1083-1153), John Kinnamos (1143-1185) and Niketas Choniates (1155-1217) were some of the first to write about the Vlachs. The color of skin is a little dark, but only 20% of women have such color of skin, the rest are of typical Central European type. As of 1920, the Romanian people was believed to number over 15 million solely in the region of the Romanian kingdom, a figure larger than the populations of Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands combined.[128]. Rootsi, Siiri (2004). If you're traveling long distances by train, expect to be asked where you're going, where you're coming from and what you're doing in Romania. The Hungarian minority in Romania constitutes the country's largest minority, or as much as 6.0 per cent of the entire population. Hbork s hadvisels az rpdok korban [Wars and Tactics under the rpds] (in Hungarian). Later rulers, especially Ivan Asen II, styled themselves "Tsars (Emperors) of Bulgarians and Romans". According to the 2011 Romanian census, they number 621,573 people or 3.08% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians,[21] with significant populations in Mure (8.9%) and Clrai (7,47%) counties. In the meantime, Romania's major foreign policy achievements were the alignment with Western Europe and the United States by joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) back in 2004 and the European Union three years later, in 2007. [23] Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. Emma Raducanu's ethnic origins. Probably more Roma than Romanian [166], Most West Slavs, Hungarians, and Austrians were found to share as many identical by-descent DNA segments with South Slavs as with Romanians, Torbeshi and Gagauzes. ara noastr a pierdut peste un milion de locuitori fa de acum 10 ani", International Boundary Study Hungary Romania (Rumania) Boundary, "The Slavonian Census of 1698. Lazr Edeleanu was the first chemist to synthesize amphetamine and also invented the modern method of refining crude oil. Origin of Roman culture, characteristics and more - Postposmo In sports, Romanians have excelled in a variety of fields, such as football (Gheorghe Hagi), gymnastics (Nadia Comneci, Lavinia Miloovici etc. Ethnicity can include a variety of elements such as ancestry, culture, identity, religion, language, and physical appearance. This character was created by the Irish fiction writer Bram Stoker, based on some stories spread in the late Middle Ages by the frustrated German tradesmen of Kronstadt (Braov) and on some vampire folk tales about the historic Romanian figure of Prince Vlad epe. 1. This short-lived period was marked, at times, by political instabilities and efforts of maintaining a constitutional monarchy in favour of other, totalitarian regimes such as an absolute monarchy or a military dictatorship. Other speakers of the latter languages are the Aromanians, the Megleno-Romanians, and the Istro-Romanians (native to Istria, Croatia), all of them unevenly distributed throughout the Balkan Peninsula, which may be considered either Romanian subgroups or separated yet, nevertheless, related ethnicities. Or maybe descended from a Daco-Roman population. After the end of the war, the Romanian Kingdom managed to regain territories lost westward but was nonetheless not given Bessarabia and northern Bukovina back, the aforementioned regions being forcefully incorporated into the Soviet Union (USSR). [42], definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.). John Kinnamos, Epitoma, in Fontes Historiae Daco-Romanae, vol. not all Romanian nationals identify with Romanian ethnicity, and vice versa); The measurements and methodologies employed by governments to enumerate and describe the ethnicity and ancestry of their citizens vary from country to country. Human Y-chromosomal variation in European populations (PhD Thesis). By the end of the 18th century, the Austrian Empire was awarded by the Ottomans with the region of Bukovina and, in 1812, the Russians occupied the eastern half of Moldavia, known as Bessarabia through the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812.[127]. An alternative name used in connection with the pre-mid Second Bulgarian Empire 13th century period is the Empire of Vlachs and Bulgarians;[112] variant names include the "VlachBulgarian Empire", the "BulgarianWallachian Empire". [104][105][106], The Byzantine chronicler John Kinnamos, presenting the campaign of Manuel I Komnenos against Hungary in 1166, reports that General Leon Vatatzes had under his command "a great multitude of Vlachs, who are said to be ancient colonies of those in Italy", an army that attacked the Hungarian possessions "about the lands near the Pontus called the Euxine", respectively the southeastern regions of Transylvania, "destroyed everything without sparing and trampled everything it encountered in its passage". The principal minorities are Hungarians and Roma, although other smaller ethnic groups exist too. Release date: 24 April 2023. The majority of its inhabitants are ethnic Romanian and follow the Romanian Eastern Orthodox Church. Romania | History, Map, & Facts | Britannica Even before the union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. [134], Several historical sources show the use of the term "Romanian" among the medieval or early modern Romanian population. Following the conquest of Southern and Central Transylvania around 830, people from the Bulgar Empire mined salt from mines in Turda, Ocna Mure, Sreni and Ocnia. After Hungarians and Romani, Ukrainians of Romania are the third-largest minority. [168][169] Subclades I1 and I2 can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and Southeastern European countries. For example, the 'broad Asian group' or the 'specific Pakistani group'. The Roma culture has a rich oral tradition, with an emphasis on family. Based on linguistic and archaeological findings, historians suggest that the Romanians' ancestors acquired polytheistic religions in the Roman era, later adopting Christianity, most likely by the 4th century AD when decreed by Emperor Constantine the Great as the official religion of the Roman Empire. There are smaller numbers of Unitarians, Muslims, and other religions. The number of Romani people is usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 511% of Romania's population.[22]. About 89.3% of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians (as per the 2022 Romanian census), whose native language, Romanian, is a Daco-Romance language, descended from Latin (more specifically from Vulgar Latin) with some French, German, English, Greek, Italian, Slavic, and Hungarian borrowings. Stanescu, Eugen. In 2004 the country . The folk costumes of the country are a feast to eyes as they exhibit elaborate embroidery and beadwork. If to talk about color of hair, many Romanian women are brunettes. They live predominantly in Europe and Anatolia, but have diaspora populations located worldwide with significant concentrations in the Americas. Other old documents, especially Byzantine or Hungarian ones, make a correlation between the old Romanians as Romans or their descendants. (meaning "Return, return, brother!"). [103], The Byzantine chronicler Niketas Choniates writes that in 1164, Andronikos I Komnenos, the emperor Manuel I Komnenos's cousin, tried without success, to usurp the throne. A disparity can be observed between official sources (such as census counts) where they exist, and estimates which come from non-official sources and interested groups. 284, "On the Significance of Certain Names: Romanian/Wallachian and Romania/Wallachia", https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004250765_003, Pre-National Identities in the Balkans in: Entangled Histories of the Balkans, "ivot u sjeni konstitutivnih naroda Rumunji u BiH", "IRES: Aproape 9 din 10 romni se consider religioi, dar doar 10% in post", "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century", "Populaia stabil dup religie judee, municipii, orae, comune", "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data", "Y-chromosome analysis in individuals bearing the Basarab name of the first dynasty of Wallachian kings", "A Quantitative Comparison of the Similarity between Genes and Geography in Worldwide Human Populations", "The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a", "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe", "Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12", "Genetic affinities among the historical provinces of Romania and Central Europe as revealed by an mtDNA analysis", The Romanian nation in the beginning of the 20th century, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanians&oldid=1152706722, 1,206,938 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 748,2251,500,000 migrants from Romania of all ethnic groups, including a wide range of. Five years later, Bsescu (solely supported by the PDL this time) was narrowly re-elected for a second term in the 2009 presidential elections. The Romanian laguage is Latinic. This is our way of being friendly. 12% of the Romanians belong to Haplogroup R1b, the Alpino-Italic branch of R1b is at 2% a lower frequency recorded than other Balkan peoples. In 2004, Traian Bsescu, the PNL-PD candidate of the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), was elected president. Don't be surprised if you see strangers starting a conversation on public transport. In the context of the 1848 Romanticist and liberal revolutions across Europe, the events that took place in the Grand Principality of Transylvania were the first of their kind to unfold in the Romanian-speaking territories. Editura Corint, 2001. isbn: 9736531910 (973-653-191-0)(The wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their medieval origins), A. Decei, V. Ciocltan, "La mention des Roumains (Walah) chez Al-Maqdisi", in Romano-arabica I, Bucharest, 1974, pp. The later Roman province Dacia Aureliana, was organized inside former Moesia Superior. [137] Another one is Francesco della Valle's 1532 manuscripts that state that the Romanians from Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania preserved the name "Roman" and cites the sentence "Sti Rominest?" [129] During the modern era, most neologisms were borrowed from French and Italian, though the language has increasingly begun to adopt English borrowings. The following demographic statistics are from National Institute of Statistic on 1 July 2016. Romani people. M. N. Guboglo, V. A. Dergachev; Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology. Roman Catholics, largely ethnic Hungarians and Germans, constitute 4.7% of the population; Calvinists, Baptists (see Baptist Union of Romania and Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania), Pentecostals, and Lutherans make up another 5%. For later events of the Empire of the East, see . 9 (1971) p. 585-593. [122][123] The contemporary Byzantine historian Niketas Choniates however distinguishes "Great Vlachia" as a district near Meteora. However, this seems to be the exception, rather than the rule, as in both Wallachia and Moldavia the state religion was Eastern Orthodox. Thus the census definition of "Romanian" might variously mean Romanian-born, of Romanian parentage, or also include other ethnic identities as Romanian which otherwise are identified separately in other contexts; This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 20:40. Un rcit dessin de 192 pages en noir et blanc, publi aux ditions Vents d'Ouest . [103] Anna Komnene reports that in 1094, on the occasion of the Cumans' campaign south of the Danube, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos was informed about the movements of the "Turanians", who had crossed the Danube by "a certain Pudilos, a Vlach noble". The Roman administration retreated from Dacia between 271 and 275 AD, during the reign of emperor Aurelian under the pressure of the Goths and the Dacian Carpi tribe. Romania was occupied by Soviet troops in 1944 and became a satellite of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in 1948. Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania, Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania, https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/RO, "Infant mortality rate - the World Factbook", "COMUNICAT DE PRES: 2 februarie 2012 privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor", "Refugees fleeing Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)", "Populaia Romniei, creterea alarmant: Suntem la nivelul Germaniei. Anual cresc 17 orae mici", World Population Prospects. The chaos of the 1989 revolution brought to power the dissident communist Ion Iliescu as president (largely supported by the FSN). List of ethnic groups - GOV.UK During the war that percentage was halved, largely by the loss of the border areas of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (to the former Soviet Union, now Moldova and Ukraine) and southern Dobrudja (to Bulgaria). Foreign men are not expected to kiss a Romanian woman's hand. For example, Onoriu Colcel considers that the terms "Romania" and "Romanian" would only have appeared during the 19th century. Haplogroup I occurs at 32% in Romanians. [124] "Vlachia", "Great Vlachia", and the other variants began to fall out of use for Thessaly at the turn of the 14th century, and with the emergence of the Principality of Wallachia north of the Danube in the 14th century, from the 15th century the name was reserved for it. The influence of Roman culture extends beyond the borders of the Roman Empire, especially due to the influence of Latin and its expansion throughout Middle Europe. The origin of the Romanians have been accounted for in two theories; the first one states that the Romanians are the descendants of Romans, Romanized and live in Dacia, the Roman province. A degree of overlap may exist or be shared between Romanian and other ethnic identities in certain situations, and census or survey respondents may elect to identify with one particular ancestry but not another, or instead identify with multiple ancestries; Counts and estimates may inconsistently distinguish between Romanian nationality and Romanian ethnicity (i.e. Supplementary Tables", "Microsoft Word - REZULTATE DEFINITIVE RPL2011.doc", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table", "Bun venit la Institutul National de Statistica - Institutul National de Statistica", "Welcome to National Institute of Statistics | National Institute of Statistics", "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "POPULAIA ROMNIEI PE LOCALITI LA 1 IANUARIE 2016", "GHO - By category - Life expectancy and Healthy life expecancy - Data by country", "Countries Compared by People > Total population > Age 25-29 >% of the total. [86] The document signed by Basil II to give the position of archon of the Vlachs to Nekulitsa is mentioned in Strategikon of Kekaumenos (written between 1075 and 1078 AD). The contemporary total population of ethnic Romanians cannot be stated with any degree of certainty. The origins of the Romanian language, a Romance language, can be traced back to the Roman colonisation of the region. [152] However, some non-specialist organisations have produced estimates which are considerably higher: a 2002 study by the Romanian-American Network Inc. mentions an estimated figure of 1,200,000[43] for the number of Romanian Americans. Count Dracula is a worldwide icon of Romania. Romani people - Wikipedia Which doesn't make him atuomatically Roma, as many prefer for various reasons - fear of . [146] Wolfgang Dahmen claims that the meaning of romanus (Roman) as "Christian", as opposed to "pagan", which used to mean "non-Roman", may have contributed to the preservation of this word as an ethonym of the Romanian people, under the meaning of "Christian". [70][71] The capital of the province was Tomis (today Constana). [135] Several other documents, notably from Italian travelers into Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, speak of the self-identification, language and culture of the Romanians, showing that they designated themselves as "Romans" or related to them in up to 30 works. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live in Maramure County (where they make up 6.77% of the population). [136] One example is Tranquillo Andronico's 1534 writing that states that the Vlachs "now call themselves Romans". The Culture Of Romania - WorldAtlas 131,788 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, including many, 92,746 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 46,523 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 39,654 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 34,960 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 32,294 born in Romania, of all ethnic groups, 31,065 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 29,186 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 24,376 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 21,593 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 18,877 migrants of Romania, of all ethnic groups, 14,684 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 14,411 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 5,209 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 4,941 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 4,902 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 1,463 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 200,000 migrants from Romania and Romanian citizens, of all ethnic groups, 10,000 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 20,998 first and second generation migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups. The three principalities were united for several months in 1600 under the authority of Wallachian Prince Michael the Brave. The third theory also known as the admigration theory, proposed by Dimitrie Onciul (18561923), posits that the formation of the Romanian people occurred in the former "Dacia Traiana" province, and in the central regions of the Balkan Peninsula. Religious affiliation tends to follow ethnic lines, with most ethnic Romanians identifying with the Romanian Orthodox Church. The closest ethnic groups to the Romanians are the other Romanic peoples of Southeastern Europe: the Aromanians (Macedo-Romanians), the Megleno-Romanians, and the Istro-Romanians. Watch this video animation to find out some interesting facts: Romania is characterised through business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide. During the interwar period, two additional monarchs came to the Romanian throne, namely Carol II and Michael I. [93] John Skylitzes mentions the Vlachs around 976 AD, as guides and guards of Byzantine caravans in the Balkans. ISBN 978-0-88033-440-2. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMadgearu2001 (. Another important document mentioning Romanians (Vlachs) from the South Census 2021 and 2011 Census data on unpaid care and ethnic group in England and Wales. A lot. King Burebista who reigned from 82/61 BC to 45/44 BC, was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area located between the Danube, Tisza, and Dniester rivers. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. It also includes an unspecified allowance for second- and third-generation Romanians, and an indeterminate number living in Canada. From an elegiac exploration of the environment, musings on masculinity and a reckoning with existence, these ancient Nordic myths underpin many of the ways we think today. That year, the governor of Servia, Nikulitsa received the position of leader (archon) of the Vlachs from Hellas from Emperor Basil II. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). [134] According to Tomasz Kamusella, at the time of the rise of Romanian nationalism during the early 19th century, the political leaders of Wallachia and Moldavia were aware that the name Romnia was identical to Romania, a name that had been used for the former Byzantine Empire by its inhabitants. 137-177. Then, it gradually changed to Romanian. [9] Among the causes of population decline are high mortality, a low fertility rate since 1990, and tremendous levels of emigration. [72] Roman fortifications mostly date to the Tetrarchy or the Constantinian dynasty. Romanian nationalist believe their are descanded from Dacians. III, Bucharest, 1975, VI, pp 3. [79] According to the early 13th century medieval Hungarian book Gesta Hungarorum the invading Magyars of King rpd [7], The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine that began on 24 February 2022 triggered a major refugee crisis in Europe. [83][84][85] However the document was written between 1200 and 1230, around 300 years after the described events and some modern historians have reservations about it and find it unreliable. This article is about the demographic features of the population of Romania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Maybe I'm crossing a line here, but judging from her father's facial phenotype, he's very likely of Roma origins. Roman Catholic Saint Joseph Cathedral, Bucharest, Wallachia, Roman Catholic St. Michael's Cathedral, Alba Iulia, Transylvania, Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Blaj, Transylvania, Greek Catholic Assumption of Mary Cathedral, Baia Mare, Transylvania, Roman Catholic St. John of Nepomuk Church, Suceava, Bukovina, Roman Catholic St. George Cathedral in Timioara, Banat.