The origin of the mitochondrion and chloroplast is hypothesized to have involved C. binary fission D. It allows developing drugs that target metabolic The stramenopiles encompass an incredible diversity of organisms, including ecologically fundamental single-celled algae such as diatoms, giant macroalgae such as kelps, as well as photo-mixotrophic and heterotrophic species. Twenty-one classes are recognized including five nonphotosynthetic groups. C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many B. A. sporozoite TEST 2 Flashcards | Quizlet -It provided the ability to carry out glycolysis. C. It lies dormant on the These pigments They contain symbiotic algae. [a] The most significant autotrophic stramenopiles are the brown algae (wracks and many other seaweeds), and the diatoms. C. autotrophs living around deep sea vents. A. pathogen Which of the following statements is NOT true of any Foraminifera? D. They release nutrients that other organisms can use. D. to permit the embryo to develop undisturbed up to the time of hatching. In most species, the hairs are attached to flagella, in some they are attached to other areas of the cellular surface, and in some they have been secondarily lost (in which case relatedness to stramenopile ancestors is evident from other shared cytological features or from genetic similarity). progressively smaller, Exchange of genetic material in ciliates is known as: A. The anterior flagellum (usually) has one or two rows of glycoprotein appendages calledmastigonemes. A. protective coverings that are hard, A. Opisthokonta They joined other heterotrophic protists, such as bicosoecids, labyrinthulids, and oomycete fungi, that were included by some as heterokonts and excluded by others. The term 'Heterokont' has lost its usefulness in critical discussions about the identity, nature, character and relatedness of the group. B. hard shells composed of calcium carbonate State clearly the mole ratio used for the conversion. The photosynthetic species possess plastids of secondary or higher red algal origin. C. osmotrophic [Solved] Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: A)double plastids B)hairy flagella C)alveoli D)flexible protein ribbons beneath the plasma membrane E)calcium carbonate crystals C. Akinetes cannot resist stressful conditions whereas endospores can. Changes that have occurred in living organisms over the past four billion years are due primarily to SAR includes unicellular, filamentous, colonial, and multicellular members, and individuals may be non-motile or motile by flagella, cilia, pseudopodia, or by other means. A. thylakoids They have a siliceous internal skeleton. E. transferring nutrients across intestinal membranes. There are estimated to be at least 25,000 stramenopile species. B. Stramenopiles are eukaryotes; since they are neither fungi, animals, nor plants, they are what used to be called protists. A 'hairy' flagellum is often paired with a shorter, smooth flagellum. D. gametocytes E. neophytes, Sleeping sickness is transmitted by: A. mosquitoes B. They have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than do Gram-negative bacteria. glycolysis in the peroxisomes D. cilia E. inter-locking cell while the macronucleus in each cell disintegrates, (5) the cells E. Stramenopila. Chapter Summary - Macmillan Learning Stramenopiles represent one of the three major clades in the SAR supergroup, along with Alveolata and Rhizaria. Planktonic and benthic forams have a long fossil record, extending back to the Cambrian Period. A. A. vertical gene transfer D. It can occur through endosymbiosis. transduction They formed camouflage them from grazers. C. It provided evidence that the earliest life forms were autotrophic. All other systems show no abnormality. Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because: The tripartite hairs have been lost in some stramenopiles - for example in most diatoms (although these organisms still express mastigonemic proteins - see below). A. Opisthokonta An elephant that died at the edge of a waterhole. flagella Inspection of the microorganism with a compound microscope reveals that it uses pseudopodia for movement and is not enclosed within a mineral shell. A. decay time Diatoms form unique two-part cell walls that are formed of silica oxide (SiO2). Some of the bacterivorous stramenopiles, such as Cafeteria are common and widespread consumers of bacteria, and thus play a major role in recycling carbon and nutrients within microbial food webs. The macronucleus divides into four mature cells D. the uptake of free DNA from the environment. C. depolarization of land masses. each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides micronuclei with each new cell receiving two micronuclei each. C. Their consumption can lead to When a ciliate reproduces asexually by mitosis diatoms) or colonial forms to large multicellular forms, such as the brown algae. T or F. Which statement best explains an outcome of endosymbiosis? E. exchange of genes between two cells, Bioremediation is: They feed on nonliving organic matter. A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and B. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil is single celled and biflagellate, while Gonium pectorale, Pleodorina californica and Volvox are multicellular with a single flagella on all cells. Stramenopila, How do members of the Amoebozoa move? Groups of Protists | Boundless Biology | | Course Hero heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in Tests, if present, are of overlapping siliceous or organic scales or plates. A. Bacteria and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Eukarya. A. A host cell It was one of the earliest fossils of a single-celled organism. Stramenopiles A subgroup of chromalveolates, the stramenopiles, also referred to as heterokonts, includes photosynthetic marine algae and heterotrophic protists. B. ciliates E. myxomycetosis, The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a(n) Dinoflagellates can be autotrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs. A. from the water C. directing currents away from the diploid zygotes capable of surviving stressful conditions. D. purple Eukarya and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Bacteria. The chromalveolates can be subdivided into alveolates and stramenopiles. Type III systems infect cells using pili as transfer tubes whereas Type IV systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane. Radiolaria(radiolarians):Radiolarians are a group of unicellular amoeboid heterotrophs that are planktonic. A. Conquest of land by arthropods. T or F, Some algae are more closely related to plants than they are to other algae. its own and one from its conjugant, (6) one haploid micronucleus in Evidence indicates that they were acquired by secondary endosymbiosis from a unicellular red alga. C. to prevent desiccation. 1, node 4). Rhizaria Crytophyta When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What. Ciliates also have a unique method of sexual reproduction, calledconjugation. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. C. Directional movement toward the food particle using an amoeboid motion Excavata E. holding cells together for communication among them, Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by endospore-forming bacteria? E. it allows scientists to predict likely hosts of the pathogen using phylogenetic analysis, - stramenopiles A. production of foodstuffs such as cheese Rather than continue to use a name whose meaning had changed over time and was hence ambiguous, the name 'stramenopile' was introduced to refer to the clade of protists that had tripartite stiff (usually flagellar) hairs and all their descendents. Themacronucleusis polyploid and actively transcribes the genes necessary for metabolism. A. This collection of pigments typically gives these algae a brown, golden, or yellow-green color. It will be less efficient at exchanging materials with its environment. After an appropriate incubation period, you count 100 bacterial colonies growing on the surface of the medium. New concepts for the system of unicellular organisms. The difference between an akinete and endospore is that The disappearance of diatoms from the world's oceans would result in an overall increase in the concentration of atmospheric oxygen. (b) Write a mass balance for a solution of Fe2(SO4)3\mathrm{Fe}_2\left(\mathrm{SO}_4\right)_3Fe2(SO4)3 if the species are Fe3+,Fe(OH)2+\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}, \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})^{2+}Fe3+,Fe(OH)2+,Fe(OH)2+,FeSO4+\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_2^{+}, \mathrm{FeSO}_4^{+}Fe(OH)2+,FeSO4+,SO42\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}SO42, and HSO4\mathrm{HSO}_4^{-}HSO4. Why or why not? the sporozoite C. respond to light with the aid of flotation devices D. a symbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium. mitosomes. B. ester linkages C. Nitrosolobus multiformis; A unicellular rod-shaped nitrifying bacterium that inhabits subsurface soils at depths associated with plant roots. D. Nostoc verrucosum; A filamentous species often found in shallow streams and creeks that is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen using specialized cells known as heterocytes. C. Increases in animal body sizes and appearance of shelled organisms. Alveolata - Pleodorina californica mitochondria C. nuclei D. both chloroplasts and pseudopodia B. possession of hard shells C. tertiary These glassy cell walls are composed of silicon dioxide. E. They contain endosymbionts. D. Archaea ThePaulinellaplastid seems to have arisen independently from a cyanobacteria relatively recently (perhaps in the last 100 million years). A. extinction of species. BIO331 Final: Eukaryotic Microbes Flashcards | Quizlet Most feed by filose pseudopodia. B. kingdoms T or F, Check all of the following that are TRUE.Which stages of a sporic life cycle are haploid? Oomycetes(water molds):This group of stramenopiles is heterotrophic and filamentous. What Characteristics Do Stramenopiles Have? - FAQS Clear Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe how the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ? For instance, dinoflagellates can be mutualists with coral and sea anemones. A. macronucleosis A. cyanobacteria choanoflagellates This means: A. that all The process by which the major land masses have shifted their positions, changed shapes and separated from each other, is known as. D. mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, parasitic 2015 & Silar 2016. dinoflagellates Those plastids are coloured off-green, orange, golden or brown because of the presence of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, and fucoxanthin. . What are these organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation? T or F, Protists are organisms that are generally microscopic, live in moist environments, and cannot be classified in the animal, plant, or fungal kingdoms. For this reason, planktonic forams are considered to be phytoplankton. As an environmental scientist, what would you suggest concerned citizens do to help prevent these red tides? 5.4 Algae - Microbiology | OpenStax C. There is approximately one coliform bacterial species per milliliter. What is the likely reaction of such a Pseudomonas cell to the presence of a food particle? by: A. Trichomonas vaginalis E. All of the other choices calcium carbonate crystals This implies that the stramenopiles arose as heterotrophs, diversified, and then some of them acquired chromoplasts. micronuclei go to the other. They prevent horizontal gene transfer. repeated cell divisions the half that is overlapped gets progressively Many dinoflagellates are armored, with cellulose plates around their plasma membrane for protection. A. an endosymbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium. You are studying the bacteria in the water of a nearby pond. Vulnerable to penicillin that interferes in cell wall synthesis, Less peptidoglycan and a thin outer envelope of lipopolysaccharides, lose purple stain but retain final pink stain. green algae, Protists are NOT monophyletic. tough, or slimy B. toxins C. gamma radiation D. Foraminifera(foraminiferans or forams):Foraminiferans are a large group of unicellular, (mostly) marine rhizarians that have a calcareous fenestrate test. Amoebae are characterized by: A. locomotion by extension of Stramenopile - Wikipedia B. Chrysophytes(golden algae and yellow-green algae): The golden algae and yellow-green algae are often placed in separate classes. significance of that fact is: A. The unifying feature of this group is the presence of a textured, or hairy, flagellum. when there is not enough light How would L. monocytogenes be affected if its actin-like cytoskeletal proteins were no longer functional? From what you have learned about them, which among the following conditions or substances do ALL archaeans require for survival and reproduction? Rhizaria is a lineage that includes organisms that are (mostly) unicellular and amoeboid. A. against predation. 2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s)2\text{Mg}(s) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{MgO}(s)2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s). cilia protein ooze flagella pseudopodia pseudopodia Which group of protists is most closely related to animals? A. yellow B. red-orange C. blue-green D. undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid micronuclei, of which three A. oxygen Paramylon are stored particles of carbohydrate. Asexual reproduction (by mitosis) results in two daughter cells that each inherit one frustule from the parent, with a second new frustule formed. These function in feeding and/or movement. The early Earth reducing atmosphere is thought to have lacked which of the following gases? Stramenopiles: Diatoms, Brown Algae, Golden Algae and Oomycetes Figure 6. An unfortunate deer becomes stuck in quicksand at the edge of a lake and dies. produce a diploid nucleus. A. Akinetes are whole cells filled with food, whereas endospores are bodies produced inside of cells. The alveolates are protists characterized by the presence of sacs of fluid under the cell membrane. They are named for their cilia, which function to move the organism through the water, and/or to direct food into anoral groove. D. Giardia lamblia The stipes of some kelps have a central zone of elongated conducting cells. B. O D. Both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. A. D. the ability to detect and move away from sources of light For example, in 1956, Copeland[14] used it to include the xanthophytes (using the name Vaucheriacea), a group that included what became known as the chrysophytes, the silicoflagellates, and the hyphochytrids. animals and fungi 5 Some dinoflagellates have retained their ancestral red alga-derived endosymbiont, some have lost it, while other dinoflagellates have replaced their ancestral plastid with plastids from different organisms, including red algae, green algae, haptophytes, and diatoms. [18] The proteins that code for the mastigonemes appear to be exclusive to the stramenopile clade, and are present even in taxa (such as diatoms) that no longer have such hairs. The group includes a variety of algal protists, heterotrophic flagellates, opalines and closely related proteromonad flagellates (all endobionts in other organisms); the actinophryid heliozoa, and oomycetes. protistan nutrition? Their negative effects would be reduced because they will no longer be able to produce the acid that damages teeth. D. Type III systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type IV systems use modified pili as transfer tubes. The alternate host for Entamoeba histolytica is the E. useful dating range. A. D. dengue fever Supergroup Archaeplastida I red algae, green algae, charophytes, seedless plants, Supergroup Archaeplastida II seed plants, Supergroup Opisthokonta Basal Animals and Deuterostomes. C. are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms -the presence of a feeding groove D. cyanobacteria (a) Write a mass balance for an aqueous solution of Ca3(PO4)2\mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_2Ca3(PO4)2 if the aqueous species are Ca2+,PO43,HPO42\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}, \mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}, \mathrm{HPO}_4^{2-}Ca2+,PO43,HPO42, H2PO4\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{PO}_4^{-}H2PO4, and H3PO4\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4H3PO4. B. the use of microorganisms to break down harmful substances in the environment The range of variation within these organisms is stunning. Their photosynthetic pigments appear brown, due to the presence of fucoxanthin. disk-shaped mitochondrial cristae B. kinetoplasts C.