Tied in to this is his call for increased privatization of state-owned industries, and a desire to join Mercusor, the Argentine and Brazilian dominated free-trade bloc. said the federal official. This point warrants reiteration. equipment, three drug packages weighing nearly a pound each, and 174 packages As of this writing, Cardenas is making significant strides in re-establishing this cartel as a major player once again. controlled as much as 90% of local heroin distribution. Given the disastrous results of their previous flirtations with its principles, Mexico's reluctance to move toward a legitimate model of democracy is somewhat understandable. In an historical context, that move is now generally viewed as having been successful. He made the announcement during one of the daily presidential press conferences. The Durango Cartel, also known as the Herrera Cartel, is a Mexican drug cartel based in Durango City, Durango. The key component in any battle against organized crime is the collective political will of the people. His deal making shifted more and more of the cocaine trade routes from the Caribbean to Mexico. American Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, House of International Relations Committee, Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Institute for Fight Against Drug Trafficking, International Multilateral Development Banks. The guy on crutches is Felipe Naranjo Seville. Sinaloa Cartel's El G1, Puppetmaster of Politicians, Arrested in Durango Instead of merely dumping the cocaine in warehouses just across the border, the Mexican cartels became so powerful that they could guarantee delivery anywhere inside the United States. AFP, "President Zedillo and Governor Bush open an international bridge," 9/3/99, internet. Outgunned by the military personnel, the U.S. officers had to retreat. INSTITUTIONALIZED CORRUPTION A report published by the United States General Accounting Office stated that one of the major problems in the drug wars is the endemic, institutionalized corruption within the Mexican law enforcement and military community (U.S. General Accounting Office, 1996). Just a big name coincidence. Schrader, Esther, "Traffickers Lure Kids to Do The Dirty Work of Smuggling Drugs from Mexico," Los Angeles Times, August 15, 2000, pp. The other syndicates generally do not contend with the Herrera clan. Marighella, Carlos, The Terrorist Classic: Manual of the Urban Guerrilla (trans. In July 2016, Mayor Enrquez Herrera summoned a number of politicians and government officials from the PAN, PRI and Movimiento Ciudadano political parties to a work meeting at the aforementioned Hospital de Especialidades. At present, it appears that the cocaine trade has dichotomized, with power being shared by Oscar Malherve and the Gulf Cartel in the east, and the Federation in the west. 'Ice', is priced at the start of production of $ 10 000 per kilogram and its In addition, given that financial turmoil has often accompanied changes in the presidency (most recently the above noted Salinas to Zedillo transition), these funds will be able to ease any economic disruptions that may arise during the next transition. Specifically, if a country does not receive certification, the United States government threatens to re-examine its overall trading relationship with the de-certified nation, the de-certified country is barred from receiving American financial aid, and the United States will vote against that country receiving loans from the six international multilateral development banks. U.S. American aid continues to flow into the government coffers, external investment is up, and the drug revenues are as high as ever. In the first four months of the year 2000, the Beta officers reported that they assisted more than 12,000 illegals who found themselves in life-threatening situations. AFP, "U.S. Border Patrol whitewashed Mexican border incident: union," 11/03/00, internet. Find out more interesting facts about all the towns in the Municipality of Santiago Papasquiaro (statistics, photos, maps, restaurants) at this link. Standard and Poor's very public higher estimate and the presence of an opposition political party capable of effectively communicating those higher (and certainly more accurate) figures to the body politic simply forced the Mexican government to revise its figures. in the 90's in the United States and after obtaining bail fled the country, The primary component needed to take on the cartels is the collective political will of the people, and no law enforcement effort will be of much lasting value until a pro-active public sentiment is in place. This pact with the European Union will have monumental and far-reaching implications, effecting literally every aspect of the Mexican social, economic and political communities, potentially even surpassing the impact of NAFTA. The Mexican cartels pose a present and continuing threat to American interests, but not to Mexican interests in a general sense (with perhaps the exception of the Mexican military's very aggressive border region shake-down activities). We know of 5 airports closer to Los Herrera. mid-1970s, the DEA traced just under $2 million from these exchanges and Carlos Peniche is currently being held in Australia and awaiting extradition to Mexico, where he will face charges of fraud. ranches located just outside Culiacan for production of this drug, where he They are enmeshed in the local socio-economic, political scene, and the family basically controls the state. O'Day, Patrick, "The Mexican Army as Cartel," Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, to appear 2000. The Mexican military, however, has the military force to move throughout the country with impunity thus rendering moot the need to mask the odor. In the fall of each year, the State Department provides the President with a brief synopsis of drug producing and transit countries' drug fighting efforts. While covert operations most certainly continue, the U.S. does run the risk of international embarrassment when and if they become publically uncovered. AFP, "Mexico stops 130 illegal Chinese immigrants heading for US," 8/31/99, internet. The matter is even more complicated due to the fact that green American dollars are no longer considered negotiable currency in Colombia. AFP, "Opposition leader sworn in," 12/3/97, internet. It also has access to large vehicles that can easily move large quantities of the bulky weed. Seventy percent of the citizenry live in urban areas. Interestingly, from the very beginning, Standard and Poor's estimated the bailout to be closer to $106 billion (see generally, Associated Press, 9/3/99). AFP, "Raul Salinas Swiss bank accounts filled with drug money," 12/11/97, internet. AFP, "Mexico's Fox calls for US-Canadian fund to close 'development gap'," 8/19/00, internet. The Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) operates in Mexico City and 27 states, and is the dominant criminal organization in six states, according to a report by the United States Congressional . This group formed as a response to the Colombian government's inability to successfully deal with the left-wing entities. This matter is of grave concern to the PRI at present. Mexico has long resisted this certification process, calling it nothing but a public relations scam (Reuters, 2/4/98). While there are growing opposition voices calling for the removal of this traditional executive privilege and for the development of a legitimate multi-party system, at this writing Mexico can still be classified as a de-facto one-party system; a party-state system, with its accompanying twin - institutionalized corruption (Paternostro, 1995; UPI, 1/30/98). The Herreras were considered the largest heroin trafficking As previously noted, however, one of the major tools currently used in the drug war, the certification process, seems only to aggravate the rift between the two countries. But the fact remains that the Mexican economy needs the estimated $40 billion plus that flows into the country from the drug trade. In the midst of a heated campaign for the first time in its 70 year history as has been discussed, the matter has spun out of control. Some of that embezzled money was also distributed as campaign contributions to several other PRI members, namely Renato Bega from Sinaloa, Eduardo Robledo from Chiapas, and more recent reports suggest that President Zedillo also accepted illegal contributions from Peniche. The plane was being serviced and fueled by Mexican military personnel. The Gulf (or Matamoros) Cartel - This cartel was run by Juan Garcia-Abrego, but he was captured in January of 1996 and convicted in Texas in October of that year. The Zapatista's (or EZLN - Zapatista National Liberation Army), based in the southern state of Chiapas, are the only terrorist group of consequence at present. There is a threat of explosion, the chemicals are quite corrosive by nature, improper exposure could prove fatal, and there is a distinctive tell-tale odor that could be detected by legal authorities. with about 202 kg of methamphetamine were secured. The Mexican police airplane followed the drug transport plane to an airstrip where it stopped to re-fuel. With smuggling networks in place, the 1970s saw the cartels branch out on their own and begin to smuggle the high demand drug, marijuana, into the United States. Western Union records. The matter has become more convoluted due to the recent emergence of a powerful right-wing entity, the Self-Defense Force. AFP, "Mexican opposition unites to oust long-ruling party," 8/4/99, internet. Gutierrez Rebollo was the head of the Mexican equivalent to the American Drug Enforcement Administration. The party was created in an attempt on the part of officials at that time to bring a sense of stability to a beleaguered nation, and to seek a more conservative socio-economic evolution (ie. AFP, "Mexico wary of money-laundering bill," 9/27/99, internet. Headlines were articulated by government leaders, and "news" stories towed the party line. It was shortly after the death of Arqui, that a regional jefe named Gerardo Soberanes Ortiz, alias El G1, began to rise within the ranks of los Cabreras. Tavia was rushed to the hospital but remained disabled for over a year after the incident.