Grammar mistakes. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air friction. The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to the initial relative speed between two objects after they collide. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to initial speed between two bodies after the collision. WebA control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. A geometric sequence is a progression where each term is related to the previous term, and it is related to the previous term by a number r, which is known as the common ratio of the sequence. As elasticity and hardness decreases, part of the ball energy will be used to permanently dent or misplace or vibrate the surface, so ball will have less energy to bounce. Hypothesis: If a tennis ball is dropped from a specific height then the ball will bounce to the same height. In my science fair experiment, the golf ball overall was the ball that bounced the highest. The balls are shown at rest, about to bounce back up. These equations allow us to predict how a change will affect the system without the need to do additional experiments. An average will then be taken. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. If the drag is less the ball will fall faster and is less likely to reach its terminal velocity. A ball that is dropped in air however is subjected to air resistance which affects the height to which it bounces. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). Prior to the sample task, students investigated investigated forms of energy and energy transfers and transformations. 1. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. 1. Measuring the height to which the ball bounced on subsequent bounces would be interesting, seeing if h. Bouncing Ball Experiment Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, What is the force that causes a ball to bounce? At the terminal speed, the drag force = the gravitational force. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. A decrease in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. Hence when a force is applied to a surface, it also applies a force equal in magnitude, but in the opposite direction. The ball moves upwards, reaching stage 1, i.e., maximum height, and its velocity is momentarily zero. The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of, it follows the gradient of the graph change in h. . Stages of bouncing ball example, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals, Motion graphs of a bouncing ball, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals. For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time. Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. The slope of the line in graph 1 was found to be 0.5. Variables - The Tennis ball experiment Everything you need for your studies in one place. It tells us that the ball consistently bounced to half of its drop height. Now is the time to pull together what happened, and assess the experiments you did. The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. This means that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The exact interval will be determined after the preliminary experiment, as will the number of heights that the ball will be dropped from. Conveniently enough, this fraction of returned energy is nearly independent of how much energy the ball had to begin with. Independent Variable: The height from which the ball is dropped. Controlling Variables Part 1 ( Video ) | Chemistry | CK-12 Foundation Review each step of the procedure to find sources of potential errors. To set up the B) Using the conservation of energy, find the velocity of the ball before it hits the ground from a height of three metres. Therefore the ball dropped from the higher height must give out more thermal energy in order to end up with the same amount of energy as the other ball. Materials:-Carbon Paper-Goggles-Golf My hypothesis is based on my observation of balls that are not well inflated. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. At this level, science becomes even more interesting and powerful.8. At the moment of impact, the ball also experiences deformation and the coefficient of restitution, which depends on the bounciness of the ball. Many questions are related. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. So an imperfect ball loses some energy on each bounce. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. It is also known as a constant variable or simply as a "control." The reason for our error was that we thought that the tennis ball might be specially made to bounce to the same height. It provided me with five repeats so that the maximum and minimum results could be discounted and a reliable average could be taken. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h1 to h2 in order to obtain accurate results. Therefore of the GPE that the ball possessed at the beginning some energy is given off as thermal energy. Therefore the ball goes higher. You will next need to record your bounces and their respective times. A bouncing ball is an example of oscillatory motion as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position. A control is a neutral reference point for comparison that allows you to see what changing a variable does by comparing it to not changing anything. 3. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. This is repeated three times at 5 different heights. Finally, we need to multiply the distance found by 2, as one bounce of the ball includes both a rise and fall. The ball pushes on the floor and the floor pushes back on the ball, causing it to rebound. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. D) If I freeze a tennis ball, then it will not bounce as high. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). You may need to calculate the average of bounce height. To a wider range of results i.e. Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. Therefore the height the ball bounces will be proportional to the height that the ball is dropped from up to a certain point, where the ball begins to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. You will then take your bounces and their respective time intervals to a spread sheet. You will need an assistant, so one person will drop the ball and the other person stands about 20 feet away and records how high it bounces. The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. As the ball falls through the air, the Law of Conservation of Energy is in effect and states that energy is neither gained nor lost, only transferred from one form to another. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Using the geometric sequence for an infinite sequence and substituting the given values we get: \(S_{\infty} = 2 \cdot \frac{\alpha}{1-r} = 2 \cdot \frac{6m}{1-0.38} = 19.35 m\). As the ball falls it hits against air particles. If the mass of the ball is heavier the weight is heavier (weight = mg) and downward force acting upon the ball is greater as well. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. When the ball travels in the negative direction (downwards), the velocity can be assumed to be negative. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. The average variation between results was 3cm. The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. of the users don't pass the Bouncing Ball Example quiz! The ball then rebounds: it undents and tosses itself up into the air to a good fraction of its original height. WebBouncing Ball Experiment - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Course of Theoretical Physics : Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics), Engineering Mechanics Dynamics (11th Edition). The results of our experiment show that this probably is not the case. The most valuable resources for teachers and students. The bouncing ball example is an example used to study, A bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. The CoR can be measured directly by velocity measurements but often it is handier to measure the height of rise of the ball after it bounces relative to the height that it fell. As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. An experiment has several types of variables, including a control variable (sometimes called a controlled variable). Both potential and kinetic energy have units of Joules (J). Controlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. Our dependent variable was. As there is more KE, more energy is converted into elastic potential energy, As there is more elastic potential energy, more energy is converted back into KE energy. WebThe scientific method consists of five steps: -Observation/research: The first step is to research and collect as much background information on your chosen question as you can. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. Problem: Hypothesis: Experiment: Ball_Bounce - West Virginia University WebA bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. No, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement. (Their ideas might include surface texture, colour, size, what its made of, squashiness, opacity, weight, air pockets, temperature, cost, shininess/dullness, hardness/softness, age, layers of materials.) Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. Also its Gravitational Potential energy is decreasing because its height is decreasing. For this reason, its also known as a controlled variable or a constant variable. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Repeat your tests for each different type of bouncing surface and record the results in a table like this: Experiments are often done in series. The last term can be the lowest height of the ball before it comes to an end as seen below. Is the measurement method questionable or unreliable? This help to greatly increase the accuracy of the experiment. where m is the mass of the moving object, and v is the velocity of the moving object. Method:The apparatus will be set up as shown: H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. This denting extracts energy from the balls motion and stores much of it in the elastic surfaces of the floor and ball. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air. What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. All of the factors that could have affected the results that were uncontrollable could have produced variations between results. B) If I heat up a tennis ball it will bounce high. Your bibliography must contain sources that are available to you (at your school or local library). Drop a ball from 1 foot off of the floor, slightly in front of a yardstick. At the lowest point, the ball has its minimum potential energy, and the velocity changes from negative to positive. Bouncing Ball Experiment - GCSE Science - Marked by WebRamp and ball, controlled study lab report. Balls: Terminal Speed and Coefficient of Restitution. This applies to a ball falling in a vacuum. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. The change in direction when the ball reaches the ground causes a momentary acceleration as seen in the acceleration graph (as acceleration). Studying tables and graphs, we can see trends that tell us how different variables cause our observations. The balls leave the floor at the same speed with the same amount of KE and so both balls reach the same height and end up with the same amount of GPE at the top of their bounces. Based on these trends, we can draw conclusions about the system under study. When you hold a ball above a surface, the ball has potential energy. It is used to determine what the variable changed. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. The maximum and minimum results were included when working out the variation between results however, seeing as the maximum and minimum results were produced by the experiment and are therefore part of the variation between results produced by the experiment. It will be vinyl tiling. \(E_{pot} = E_{kin} \cdot m \cdot g \cdot h = \frac{1}{2} \cdot m \cdot v^2\). Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. The first graph is a displacement vs time graph. WebBouncing Ball Experiment. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. Variables - Working scientifically - KS3 Science - BBC Bitesize A bouncing ball follows a projectile motion which is moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. The first thing to check is how you are making your measurements. To do that use the scroll button to start, then use arrow keys to move your wave 0.1 second left or right. If you choose to study on the effect of air pressure inside the ball, your variables will be defined like this: Independent variable (also known as manipulated variable) is the balls air pressure. WebThe Bounciest Ball Experiment Overview: In this lesson, students conduct a series of experiments with different balls to observe which bounce the highest and to see how they could make balls bounce higher. For each height repeat the test 3 to 5 times and record the most reliable result. There you will find helpful links that describe different types of science projects, scientific method, variables, hypothesis, graph, abstract and all other general basics that you need to know. This would mean that one could re-examine the height to which it bounced to and find it exactly instead of having to make a split second judgement which is not half as accurate. It bounces off, changing the direction of motion and again reaching its maximum height. Thus a typical ball bounces to 60% of its original height because it stores and returns 60% of the energy it had before the bounce. Preparation: Draw a ruler with high visibility on a roll of paper about 8 inches wide and 6 feet tall. A ball falls from 8 metres and rebounds to 52 percent of its previous height. The longer it takes to stop, the higher it bounces to. Research questions therefore always refer to two variables, and the relationship between them. An investigation of the factors that influence the bounce height of a tennis ball when dropped onto the floor could consider the drop height and the type of surface the ball is dropped onto. The investigation could try to answer these research questions: In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the release height and we keep all other variables unchanged. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. It is also good to calculate the coefficient of restitution of your ball using the formula CoR = v/v = sqrt(h/h). Specifically, you are tasked to determine: B.) A single experiment may contain many control variables. Is a bouncing ball an example of oscillatory motion? The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. This causes the amplitude of the height to reduce over time and eventually come to a stop due to friction forces like air resistance, which are assumed to be zero in an ideal scenario. You are now ready to enter your data on a spread sheet and get to work. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. This would provide evidence on how the height from which the ball is dropped from affects the height to which it bounces without air resistance. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. Is a bouncing ball an example of Newton's third law? By the time it reaches the floor, the ball is traveling quickly and it hits the floor hard. WebThe independent variables in the experiment are the heights that the balls are dropped from, the surface that the ball bounces on, the type of ball used, ball is dropped vertically, and that when dropping a ball no force is applied. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. You WebControlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. Being precise as the we drop the ball from a very big height the ball will bounce back at a very big height by Newton's A series of experiments that includes a control is called a controlled experiment.. This is Newtons Third Law of Motion- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The push which the ball receives from the floor at the moment of impact causes it to bounce up from the surface. 2. Variables are This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. List three. For an infinite number of turns, another geometric sequence formula can be used. This is because as the ball goes faster it passes through a greater volume of air each second. Click Create Assignment to assign this modality to your LMS. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Keep track of where you got your information from. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. The answer lies in how far the ball has dented inward due to its collision with the floor. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. WebControl variables include the size of pots, the type of soil and the position in a room. Will you pass the quiz? Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. The total energy of the system remains the same; the potential energy changes to kinetic energy, but no energy is lost. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration graphs, or geometric sequences. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Repeat this test from 2 ft, 3 ft, and 1/2 ft. Do this test for each ball and record data. Use a racquetball, a golf ball or any kind that bounces well and makes a nice crisp sound when it bounces. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). If you determine that experimental errors are influencing your results, carefully rethink the design of your experiments. Additional list of material can be extracted from the experiment section. Hence the formula for the sum of the infinite number of terms can be rewritten as seen here. The terminal speed is the maximum speed reached when an object is dropped from a great height. The controlled variables in this experiment are the surface the ball is rolling on, the material the ball is made of, the size of the ball, the measuring devices being used, the distance the ball travels, and the method being used to release the ball each time, for example the position of the hand.