The majority of the samples were taken without consent.2005 Members of the Native American Havasupai tribe sue Arizona State University after scientists take tissue samples the tribe donated for diabetes research and use them without consent to study schizophrenia and inbreeding.2005 Six thousand patients join a lawsuit against Washington University, demanding that the university remove their tissue samples from its prostate cancer bank. She had a The women are allowed to continue through the records. Shortly after, Deborah has a stroke in church, and is saved by the ingenuity of her grandson Davon. LitCharts Teacher Editions. What does Skloot reveal by ending the chapter with Hsus request? He showed them the freezer where HeLa samples were kept and noted that the HeLa contamination seemed like poetic justice for sciences mistreatment of the Lacks family. Johnny Pleasant Henriettas father. In the morning, Rebecca is exhausted and Deborah has broken out in massive hives and welts. Instant downloads of all 1725 LitChart PDFs What is Lengauers attitude toward the HeLa contamination problem? Bobette Lacks Lawrences wife. She is the department chair for language arts at Tri-Cities High School, an urban public high school in southwest Atlanta. What does Deborah do that illustrates that she has a great sense of humor? What conclusion did they draw about George Gey and Johns Hopkins? "Which of these sentences" means that you have been provided with answer choices for your question. Using the book as a guide, describe the process of scientific inquiry. Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. Cliff Garrett Henriettas cousin. 6. for a group? 8. After getting out of jail, Zakariyya Rahman participates in a number of research studies in exchange for monetary compensation. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Chapter 11. Before her death, she received treatment in a segregated colored ward at Johns Hopkins, the only hospital in Baltimore that would treat black patients. What was Chester Southam concerned that HeLa cells might do? She was institutionalized due to epilepsy and died at age fifteen. Your email address will not be published. It is given the name HeLa after the first two initials of Henriettas first and last names.1951 Henrietta Lacks dies of an unusually aggressive strain of cervical cancer.1952 HeLa cells become the first living cells shipped via postal mail.1952 The Tuskegee Institute opens the first HeLa factory, supplying cells to laboratories and researchers and operating as a nonprofit. 4. Davons mother. 4. Moore appeals the decision.1985 Portions of Henriettas medical records are published without her familys knowledge or consent.1988 The California Court of Appeals rules in John Moores favor, saying that patients must have the power to control what becomes of their own tissues. What can you infer about her personality based on this behavior? What stereotype or bias might this assumption be based upon? 13. Why did Zakariyya decide to participate in research studies at Johns Hopkins? Miraculously, he had a book that contained reports from 1955. Chapter Twenty-Four: Least They Can Do 1. May 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Dont have an account? WebExplain Deborahs fears regarding her sister, Elsie. HFS clients enjoy state-of-the-art warehousing, real-time access to critical business data, accounts receivable management and collection, and unparalleled customer service. Henriettas cells have been bought and sold by the billions, yet she remains virtually unknown, and her family cant afford health insurance. 7. Chapter Eighteen: Strangest Hybrid 1. For Elsie Lacks, Crownsville was likely just as bad. Explain the specific reasons why Zakariyya feels disrespected. Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. three American Literary Magazine Awards for Editorial Content in the 1990s. When Skloot consulted Lurz about the study, he said that, given the years the study was conducted, it was likely Elsie Lacks Crownsville time included being experimented on. Research the laws and the ethical debate over offering payment in exchange for participation in scientific studies, or for the donation of blood, eggs, sperm, or other biological materials. Although a right to privacy is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, the Supreme Court has established that it is inherently protected by the Constitution. How does Skloots attitude toward the relationship between religious faith and science evolve as a result of her relationship with the Lacks family? 10. Please provide all information in your posts. And who carries our memories? 3. Deborah and Rebecca visit Henrietta's grave, and Deborah insists that Rebecca take a photo of her with the picture of Elsie near her mother's grave, saying it will be the only photo of the three of them in the world. Explain how Davons heroic actions saved Deborahs life. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. 8. 3. What scientific discoveries were made possible as a result of fused hybrid cells? Determine an authors point of view or purpose in a text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the power, persuasiveness or beauty of the text. Elsie Lacks The hospital conducted pneumoencephalography on epileptic children, and Elsie likely would have been included. Explain how Geys rollertube culturing technique works. Make a prediction based on the foreshadowing regarding Mr. Cofield. (Note: A fruitful debate could be organized with half the class proposing that the book be read as Skloots hero journey, and half proposing that the book should be interpreted as Deborahs journey.) Why was Skloot surprised by the appearance of Crownsville? 9. At what point could compensation become coercive? Complete your free account to request a guide. Chapter 38. What do Golds comments about his decision to publish private information without consulting the Lacks family reveal about his attitude toward them? How does Deborah Lacks initially respond to Skloots request for information? 3. Describe the abuse that Joe suffered under Ethels care. Did the family give informed consent for the research done on those samples? PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Why do you think Henrietta initially chose not to tell people about her cancer diagnosis? How was Gartler able to link the contamination problem to HeLa? Explain the numerous ways that the Lacks familys right to privacy was violated. 4. Why didnt Henriettas family know that her cells were still alive? What did she promise to do for the Lacks family if and when the book was published? Why were the hospitals medical records from the 1950s and earlier disposed of? 4. What obstacles does she mention as impeding her understanding? (including. Explain the significance of the gift that Skloot delivered to Deborah at their first meeting. 3. 2. 9. 9. Define creative nonfiction, a genre in which all facts are accurate and verifiable, but presented in a creative way that emphasizes storytelling through the use of scenes, dialogue, and other techniques more often found in fiction. Chapter Thirty-Six: Heavenly Bodies 1. What does this finding suggest about Henriettas cancer? Her autopsy report reveals that she spent five years at He has saved only a few bags of them, and miraculously, Elsie Lacks' medical record is included in this pile. 5. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. What burden does he ask to be lifted from Deborah? He became known as a vigilante. Delancey discusses one specific example at length: Danvers State Hospital in Massachusetts. How did her reaction evolve after she had a chance to dwell on the picture and process the disturbing information that she had been given? How did Deborah react after reading about her mothers death? Analyze the consent statement that Henrietta signed on page 31. Explain your answer. You can view our. sciences who hold diverse perspectives on African American literature 4. When Deborah finally decides to give Skloot access to Henrietta's medical records it is a significant moments. Describe the way that Deborah and Zakariyya interact with their mothers cells. 3. 8. The hospital, near a Salem Witch Trials location, was already nicknamed The Witchs Castle, and combined with the stories of abuse, ghost stories flourished throughout the decades. Craft and Structure Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. Deborah shifts between joy at finding out new information about her mother and panic at each new fact. Explain how the development of the Pap smear improved the survival rate of women diagnosed with cervical cancer. 5. Through the microscope, Deborah and Zakariyya watch their mother's cells divide in culture. 3. Reports of patient abuse and neglect first began to surface in the 1890s. What motivated Pattillo to organize the HeLa Cancer Control Symposium? Chapter Six: Ladys On the Phone 1. Skloot carefully describes the photograph of Elsie. What string of events in 2009 suggests that, if Skloot had not begun researching Henriettas story a decade earlier, it may have been lost forever? Explain who Roland Pattillo is. 5. He developed the techniques used togrow HeLa cells from Henriettas cancer tissue in his lab.Howard JonesHenriettas gynecologist at Johns HopkinsLeonard Hayflick microbiologist who proved that normal cells die when theyve doubled about fifty times.This is known as the Hayflick limit.Margaret GeyGeorge Geys wife and research assistant. How did Day, Sonny, and Lawrence respond to Joes crime? 6. Why is standardization important in scientific research? Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of a text. Why do you think science reporting is often sensationalized? The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks study guide contains a biography of Rebecca Skloot, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Describe Deborahs childhood. How did Rogers discover Henriettas real name? 2. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Haunted Hospitals and Patient Abuse | Go Big Read David Jr. Sonny Lacks Henrietta and Days third child, Deborah Dale Lacks Henrietta and Days fourth child. 5. Explain your answer. How did Deborah discover the truth about Cofield? What did Pullum ask Skloot to preach about at JaBreas baptism? In your own words, explain the paradox benevolent deception. 4. Henrietta was diagnosed with cervical cancer shortly after his birth. Chapter Five: Blackness Be Spreadin All Inside 1. Explain what the Jim Crow laws were. What disturbing discovery did scientists make about the way HeLa responded in orbit? Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. It is important to remember that this book is not just about HeLa and Henrietta, but also about the friendship between these two women, and so this night is a crucial turning point in that story. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Born on August 1, 1920 in Roanoke, Virginia, Lacks lived 31 years filled with joy, laughter, and dancing around the kitchen table with her children. Deborah submitted a request to have copies made of Elsie Lacks medical records, and Lurz left Skloot and Deborah with some archival documents to look through while he made the copies. Continue to start your free trial. Slavin founded Essential Biologicals, a company that sold his cells, and later cells from other people so individuals could profit form their own biological materials. How long did Henrietta wait between first telling her girlfriends that something didnt feel right and going to the doctor? As Rebecca is going through Elsie's medical records, she identifies a term that Deborah asks Rebecca not to put in the book. 7. What did Henriettas friends and family do when they found out that she needed blood? Despite Deborahs clear shock, she insisted she still wanted to go to the Maryland State Records Archive to see if Elsies medical records had survived. WebThe hospital conducted pneumoencephalography on epileptic children, and Elsie likely would have been included. The Best Books to Get Your Finances in Order, Books Based on Your Favorite Taylor Swift Era, Cook a Soul Food Holiday Meal With Rosie Mayes. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Photo courtesy: GettyImages. 2. Teachers are strongly encouraged to share the Radiolab episode with their students, as it includes audio recordings that the author taped while researching the book, and illuminates several key scenes from the book. Hopkins Fulfillment Services (HFS) 5. Why did researchers want DNA samples from Henriettas family? 8. 5. Who is Paul Lurz? Please wait while we process your payment. One study concerned pneumoencephalography, a procedure that allowed for crisp X-rays of the brain by draining the natural fluid that surrounds and protects the brain. From a scientific perspective, it seems peculiar to think of the cells as human, since they cannot see or think or feel. There are many excellent multimedia resources related to this book available on the authors website at RebeccaSkloot.com. Directly after rebuking Deborah for her paranoia, Rebecca begins to learn more about its origins. Why did Deborah agree to help Speed and Wyche with their museum project? The side-effects of pneumoencephalography were many, including seizures, nausea, headaches, and permanent brain damage. 9. 4. Elsie had developmental disabilities and was described by her family as "different" or "deaf and dumb". What is the Lacks familys biggest complaint about the way they have been treated by Johns Hopkins and Dr. Gey? Analyze the books structure by comparing it to a work of fiction or a film that uses the structure of a frame narrative. 3. Analyze the authors purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. 2. Based on the results of the second study, what two things did Southam believe that injections of HeLa cells might be able to do? Refine any search. What constitutes ethical journalism? As the story of HeLa unfolds, so does the story of Henriettas surviving children, who for two decades were unaware of the existence of their mothers cellsand the multimillion-dollar industry that developed around the production and use of HeLa. Nothing to Be Scared About 2001. What is mitosis? Learn about the short and tragic life of Elsie Lacks, Crownsville and its atrocities, and how the records were found. Next, Deborah and Rebecca undertake a mission to figure out what happened to Deborah's sister Elsie. He and his wife Ethel moved in with Day after Henriettas death to help take care of the children. HFS provides print and digital distribution for a distinguished list of university presses and nonprofit institutions. 6. What objective details suggest that Henrietta was a devoted and loving mother? Her name was Henrietta Lacks, but scientists know her as HeLa. For a decade, Skloot doggedly but compassionately gathered the threads of these stories, slowly gaining the trust of the family while helping them learn the truth about Henrietta, and with their aid she tells a rich and haunting story that asks the questions, Who owns our bodies? Deborah is devastated by the knowledge that her sister probably died alone and in pain, but tries to keep a brave face despite being near tears. Where does he ask the burden to be placed? Deborah says that she's amazed that all those cells are her mother. What are some of the intended and unintended consequences of irresponsible journalism? 6. 4. What crime did Joe commit? 9. Why did Henrietta end up being raised by her grandfather, Tommy Lacks? Does some medical research seem more wrong? Describe the changes that had taken place in the lives of Henriettas children by 1980. In 1992, African Why did doctors stop giving Henrietta blood transfusions? The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks - OUP Academic 8. How does this choice impact the readers experience of the story? 5. Why do you think Skloot chose this title? She died when Henrietta was four.Elsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant) Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. What was Henriettas final request? Why didnt his surgeons honor his request? WebIn Elsie's medical record is a photo of her looking unkempt and crying, which a white woman's hand around her throat. WebWhat does Pattillo tell Skloot about Elsie Lacks? What are the risks and benefits of allowing profit to guide research? WebElsie was institutionalized at Crownsville Hospital in Maryland and died in 1955. He was the first journalist to contact the Lackses. The result of their relationship is an illuminating portrait of the enduring legacy of Henriettas life, death, and immortality. 7. Wed love to have you back! How was the timing of this realization ironic? George Gey head of tissue-culture research at Johns Hopkins. What are the obstacles involved with conducting research purely for altruistic reasons? Analyze in detail how an authors ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text (e.g., a section or chapter). Cast of CharactersImmediate Lacks FamilyDavid Day LacksHenriettas husband and cousinDavid Jr. Sonny LacksHenrietta and Days third childDeborah Dale LacksHenrietta and Days fourth childElsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant)Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. Doctors conducted research on patients without consent, including a painful procedure called pneumoencephalography, which involves replacing the fluid that protects the brain with helium in order to x-ray the skull. 5. Days health had deteriorated too much to make the trip, Sonny had to work, and Lawrence still wanted to sue Hopkins. How do these events help explain Deborahs initial reluctance to talk with Skloot? In spite of her deliberate decision to not read her mothers medical records, Deborah Lacks still learned extremely upsetting details about her mothers illness and autopsy. What was George Geys position at Johns Hopkins? Given the fact that Elsie was in the hospital during this time period, it is likely that she was involved in these studies. In spite of her deliberate decision to not read her mothers medical records, Deborah Lacks still learned extremely upsetting details about her mothers illness and autopsy. 3. The marriage was abusive and ended in divorce.Alfred Jr.Deborah and Cheetahs firstborn child and Little Alfreds fatherBobette Lacks Lawrences wife. Sadie Sturdivant Margarets sister, Henriettas cousin and confidante. 13. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. 6. 3. Chapter 34. 8. Gary, who performed the exorcism, dies of a heart attack. Gey was conducting experiments in an attempt to create an immortal line of human cells that could be used in medical research. What simile does Donald Defler use to describe mitosis? He warned Deborah that Crownsville in the 40s and 50s, when it was called the Hospital for the Negro Insane, had not been a good place. Describe the relationship between Deborah and her grandson Davon. Explain the meaning of the idiomatic expression to drop a bomb. 2. Before her death, she received treatment in a segregated colored ward at Johns Hopkins, the only hospital in Baltimore that would treat black patients. Compare and contrast the different attitudes the white and black Lacks family members held about race. The injustice of Henrietta Lackss story has opened the medical community to a new standard of care, bringing to light several bioethical issues, including informed consent, medical records privacy, and communication with tissue donors and research participants, according to Johns Hopkins. and culture. Deborah says that she wants God to take the burden of the cells from her life, and Gary tells her that this is why Rebecca has come into her life - she will take on the burden of the cells instead. American Osteopathic Board of Anesthesiology. He also tells Deborah that her mother's cancer was caused by a virus, so she is unlikely to develop the same disease herself. Were they informed about the research and its risks? The marriage was abusive and ended in divorce.Alfred Jr.Deborah and Cheetahs firstborn child and Little Alfreds fatherBobette LacksLawrences wife. Analyze Johns Hopkinss official response to Wyches letter. 4. Why would HeLa contamination be a problem for researchers? Explore the importance of both religious faith and scientific understanding in the lives of the Lacks family. Why had he saved patients medical records? 5. 6. Christopher Lengauer cancer researcher at Johns Hopkins who helped develop FISH, a technique used to detect and identify DNA sequences, and who reached out to members of the Lacks family. This is known as the Hayflick limit.Margaret GeyGeorge Geys wife and research assistant. Prologue: The Woman in the Photograph 1. She and Henrietta sometimes sneaked out to go dancing. How is Skloots different perspective evident in the way she conducted her research and wrote the book? Do you agree that Henrietta should have been correctly identified in order to give her the fame she so richly deserves, or do you think her anonymity should have been protected? 6. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. While scientists were working with Henriettas cells, they found out that they were immortal. Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the text. Tommy Lacks Henrietta and Days grandfather who raised both of them. Explain how TeLinde and Geys relationship led to Gey obtaining a tissue sample from Henriettas tumor. 7. A lay preacher, he performed a faith healing on Deborah.LaTonyaDeborah and Cheetahs second child; Davons motherLittle AlfredDeborahs grandsonMargaret Sturdivant Henriettas cousin and confidante. A list of primary standards addressed in the guide can be found below: Common Core Standards English Language Arts 9-10: Key Ideas and Details Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Ethel Galens wife, an abusive caregiver to Henriettas three youngest children. Why did the Tuskegee Institute become involved in the mass production of HeLa cells? According to State Attorney General Louis Lefkowitz, what do people have an inalienable right to? Sign up for a free trial here . Craft and Structure Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text (e.g., how Madison defines faction in Federalist No. He and his wife, Ethel, moved in with Day after Henriettas death to help take care of the children. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% The Absent Presence of Elsie Lacks: Hauntings 2. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Suffering | Shmoop Describe Deborah and Cheetahs marriage. Describe Skloots visit to the Lacks family cemetery. What does Pattillo tell Skloot about Elsie Lacks? Members of the Medical and Scientific Community. Delancey maintains that the public has not only memorialized those patient populations whom historical instances of purported abuse, neglect, and maltreatment once marginalized, but has also given those patients voice, agency, and, by extension, a measure of justice.. Teachers: If youd like a printable version of this guide, download the PDF attachment at the bottom of this page.About the Book In 1950, Henrietta Lacks, a young mother of five children, entered the colored ward of The Johns Hopkins Hospital to begin treatment for an extremely aggressive strain of cervical cancer. Summarize the reasoning behind the decision. Explain your answer. How did the scientific community respond to Gartlers theory about HeLa contamination? What type of cancer was George Gey diagnosed with? Books She helped raise Lawrences siblings after Henriettas death and advocatedfor them when she discovered they were being abused.Cliff GarretHenriettas cousin. Give an example of indirect characterization that reveals that the Lacks family distrusts doctors. What does Zakariyyas choice of wordsthat damn doctor who done rape her cells reveal about his feelings about and perception of what Gey did? Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument, including whether the structure makes points clear, convincing, and engaging. Her little great-grandchild will also understand, and so will all of her siblings. 6. 3. Davon Meade Deborahs grandson who often lived with and took care of her. She helped raise Lawrences siblings after Henriettas death, and advocated for them when she discovered they were being abused.Cliff GarretHenriettas cousin. More books than SparkNotes. 14. The symbolism of the fingernails is unmistakable. He ended up abusing Deborah.Gary LacksGladyss son and Deborahs cousin. Contact us What causes the confrontation between Deborah and Skloot? What obstacle almost kept her from doing so? Discuss the ethical implications of, and inherent irony in, the way the television episode presented the story, in light of the fact that neither Skloot nor any member of the Lacks family was consulted about or credited by the producers of the episode. What do you think Cofield did? Home - Henrietta Lacks - LibGuides at Texas Christian 6. What does this request tell you about her? Other Titles of Interest I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou Ten Days in a Mad-House by Nellie Bly The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling the Smallpox Epidemic by Jennifer Lee Carrell Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell About Life in the Segregated South Edited by William Chafe, Raymond Gavins, and Robert Korstad Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe by Fannie Flagg The Immortalists: Charles Lindbergh, Dr. Alexis Carrel, and Their Daring Quest to Live Forever by David M. Friedman Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment by James H. Jones The Right to Privacy by Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy In The Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity by Daniel Kevles The John McPhee Reader by John McPhee and William Howarth Polio: An American Story by David M. Oshinsky The Lives They Left Behind: Suitcases from a State Hospital Attic by Darby Penny, Peter Stastny, Lisa Rinzler, and Robert Whitaker Genie: A Scientific Tragedy by Russ Rymer Coal River by Michael Shnayerson Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present by Harriet A. Washington The Plutonium Files: Americas Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War by Eileen WelsomeOnline Resources Author Web site: http://rebeccaskloot.com/ Lacks family Web site: http://www.lacksfamily.com/ Radiolab segment on the story of Henrietta Lacks and her children, featuring audio footage of Deborah Lacks talking about her mothers cells, and actual recordings of key scenes from the book: http://www.wnyc.org/shows/radiolab/episodes/2010/05/07/segments/150681 Fresh Airs Terry Gross interviews the author: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123232331 CBS Sunday Morning piece featuring interviews with the author, members of the Lacks family, and a representative from Johns Hopkins: http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6304949n&tag=related;photovideo Tavis Smiley interviews the author: http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/201005/20100514_skloot.html Are We Alone? public radio segment focusing on the science of HeLa cells: http://radio.seti.org/episodes/Cell_Cell_ Author appearance on The Colbert Report: http://www.colbertnation.com/ thecolbertreportvideos/267542/march162010/rebeccaskloot Slate article about the Law & Order episode based on the book: http://www.slate.com/id/2257189The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks and Common Core State Standards With appropriate scaffolding, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks will meet the standard for Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity for most high school grade levels.