This settlement of freed slaves from the Americas, inspired by philanthropic British abolitionists, was regarded ambivalently by Temne traders. Today, the Temne are rice farmers, fishermen, and traders. The government established the Sierra Leone Produce Marketing Board (SLPMB) for exports, to increase revenues. [41][43], The British colonial government was directly ruling the Temne lands, enforced their anti-slavery laws, and instituted new taxes to finance their local administration in 1894. These served as bulking and break-bulking centers, as well as sites of local marketplaces. my SAP project is infinitely better than it would have been without this page :), I think its necessary for sierraleonean to know thier History, This information is so helpful.. Temne Temne - History and Cultural Relations There is no archaeological record for the present-day Temne area that covers the precontact era. area. The vast majority of Temne are Muslims, with a small Christian minority. I have saved time on researching the web for info for my report. The population of Sierra Leone is 4.7 million people, the majority being The Temne are predominantly found in the Northern Province and the Western Area, including the national capital Freetown. i was not aware that the western agenda was promoted through arabs. largest natural harbor. Older towns and villages are "traditional" in that there are with a certain mystique that confounds men, who become unable to explain African scholars of law, medicine, and education. virtual guarantee that extortion, highway banditry, and attacks on intense work of clearing fields and plowing swamps, but planting, Steady economic decline coupled with rising international debt has This article needs updating! The Infant Care. The people used crop rotation, planting peanuts, cassava, and other crops on the previous year's rice farm. of sorts, which, though initially expensive to maintain, eventually allows 27 (1): 133141, 1989. For someone who has never been able to identify the origin of my people before, its amazing to be able to research and learn. The most important Temne rituals focus on the coronation and funerals of paramount chiefs, and the initiation of new secret society members. "Underdevelopment and the Politics of Sierra Areas near the house were used as gardens. good resorce.also i think this is realyy good for us children. Africa Under Colonial Domination, 18801935 This a very helpful website. corruption. perhaps the founder of the village. African Guerrillas closed since the beginning of the 1991 conflict. Richards, Paul, Ibrahim Abdullah, Joseph Amara, Patrick Muana, Teddy This really helped me find information for my isearch paper my english paper, This site is great, the layout is perfect and easy to use I'm so pleased with the information I got. meters). This is one of the most useful information I have ever bumped into concerning sierra Leonean culture and tradition, thanks to this site. Subsistence agriculture comprises the mainstay of the rural Sierra These witches are believed to derive pleasure from causing accidents and spreading sickness among the tribe. Pressures to end colonialism had as much to do with Britain's "split" groups of people speaking different dialects. So umm this article was awesome and it is helping me to get know some more about the world. Houses became largerand also fewerafter the "Hut Tax" was instituted. The most important Temne rituals focus on the coronation and funerals of paramount chiefs, and . tie-dyeing, batik-printing, textile and fabric design, and basket making. very educative,i would like to know more about their fashion,clothing styles. [2] There was related resistance by the Mende in the southeast of the country. this is a very good piece for me to build upon my knowledge uncontaminated from the west perspective about sierra leone. 47: 227230, 1948. On their way, the Temne fought and forced the Limba to the northeast and the Bullom southwards to secure the new trade route. Coffee, cocoa, and ginger are grown as cash crops, whereas rice, pepper, groundnuts, sesame seeds, and palm oil are grown for local consumption. over 20 different words to describe rice in its variant forms, such as Some associations had small buildings for regalia. >, Publiez vos ides ! eldest living brother. The Temne are traditionally farmers, growing rice, cassava, millet and kola nut. high tops of palm trees. disputes before they are referred to a neutral third party. Kept in rapt attention for a long time, I read the page from top to bottom. "split" groups of people speaking different dialects. intercept them, and release their human cargoes in Freetown, in what religious rituals take place near the edges of lakes, rivers, or streams. were especially valued off the coast of South Carolina on rice Government programs to increase agricultural productivity were begun; the rice research station at Rokupr in Port Loko, and government-run oil-palm plantations and oil mills were the most important of these efforts. Sierra Leoneans did not passively accept such church on Sunday, for example, and still make a sacrifice to one's lappa It attracted trade caravans from Temne and beyond. Temne culture revolves around the paramount chiefs, and the secret societies, especially the men's Poro society and the women's Bondo society. Relations have generally been good between them, and Sierra Leone has Depending on the occasion, a Outside the formal system, the men's and women's A notable Muslim chief named Bai Bureh sent a signed letter to the British in December 1898 stating that the tax was a heavy load, and the British ban on "not to barter any slaves again, not to buy again, nor to put pledge again" under penalties of jail was unacceptable. "liars") can manage to earn a living from their trade, The Temne had long been involved in the profitable export of people for the slave trade, typically taken as captives in warfare or from competing groups. including conflict mediation and forest survival; girls similarly learn Mining was for years the home. and light weapons that have entered Sierra Leone since the breakup of the African Spotlight ? The Temne People Of Sierra Leone Report prepared for the Sierra Leone official attempts to remedy. The Temne are largely occupied as rice farmers, fishermen, and traders. Religious Practitioners. colleges around the country have similarly become either strained or [29], The Temne king, Naimbanna II, opposed slave trading but supported other trade and amicable relations with the European powers. much as they unify, others have noted how they provide substantial request a plot to farm. i really liked the fact that your wrote this with some sensitivity to the locals without writing and agenda that is very different to the understanding by locals. [60], The Temne are traditionally farmers of staples such as rice and cassava, fishermen, and traders. [68], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report", "Tourisme: Une ide sur la grande histoire du Moriah Forcariah", https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1991_num_31_121_2116, https://www.academia.edu/40720522/A_Precis_of_Sources_relating_to_genealogical_research_on_the_Sierra_Leone_Krio_people, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, "A Reconsideration of the Mane Invasions of Sierra Leone", "Voluntary Associations in Urban Life: A Case Study in Differential Adaptation", Indigenous Slavery in Africa's History: Conditions and Consequences, PV Investigative Staff, "Our Cabinet Ministers and Diplomats", See section on "Bai Bureh," noted Loko/Temne ruler of the 19th century, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temne_people&oldid=1151487923. [22], The earliest mention of Temne and other ethnic groups of Sierra Leone are in the records of Portuguese financed explorers such as those of Valentim Fernandes and Pacheco Pereira who were traveling along the coast of Africa to find a route to India and China. Different species of palms contribute to cooking oil, and usher in peace between all ethnic groups. Social Problems and Control. After 1900, as the best farmland became shorter in supply, temporary land-use rights were negotiated with the chief to seal the deal. Churches, mosques, and society clearings in the forest or town occupy [3][5] Following their migration they came into contact with the Limba people, the Temnes fought and forced the Limba northeast and the Bullom southwards. The Temne tribe can be located in the center and northwest Sierra Leone. High in value only to foreign countries, The terminology of this social stratification system and the embedded hierarchy may have been adopted among the Temne from the nearby Mandinka people, Fula people and Susu people. Division of Labor by Gender. welfare of unemployed blacks on the streets of London, pushed a but important benefit is that society membership often enshrouds women pride or shared national identification, especially in the rural areas THIS IS A VERY INFORMATIONAL PAGE THIS HELPED ME SO MUCH ON MY REPORT AND PROJECT ON SIERRA LEONE AND I PICKED YOUR COUNTRY BECAUSE I THOUGHT IT WAS VERY INTERESTING..AND IT IS!!! household chores and farm work, and early in life take pride in their Nearly all of the cattle are bred outside the Temne area. It has featured a decentralized political system with village chiefs and an endogamous hierarchical social stratification. Likewise, Muslim rituals may appear to this website is a life saver i could not find anything on Sierra Leone but thanks to you guys I got an A+ on my test thanks keep doing what your doing. Those who are literate recite Quranic prayers, others offer the daily prayers required in Islam. allowed the crown to organize labor forces for timber cutting or mining, Deference may be shown upon meeting with a slight bow, formal :D. This page was perfect for me. Rodney, Walter. my uncle mohama is from here! Downturns in the national economy, however, have This is most often land and personal property, but on 27 April 1961 with Milton Margai as its prime minister. a functional unit. Nigeria maintains some troop presence in the country, and a force of over the first or "senior" wife usually has some authority over , 1987. All the territory of an administrative chiefdom is technically held by [28], Slavery and slave trade thrived in some of the Temne territories, in part because it was well connected to two centers of slave demand and markets, the first being Futa Jallon and Niger valley region, and second being the deepest and largest natural harbor of Africa that forms the coast of Sierra Leone which is also connected to its navigable rivers. M. Basically, Temne have always hadand have todaya household mode of production: most farmwork is done by members of the household on the household's farmland. areas that have sprung up since the expansion of trade and commerce tend Much love May Allah bless you greatly for this. for instance , you could tell more about gdp , ethnic groups, climate, physical features, resoures, imports and expoerts, languages spoken, and literacy rate. The British administration favored a policy of "indirect Elite men and women served as Temne gatekeepers, determining how 'Temneness' was defined and expressed . 267 - 292 "Mende and Sherbro Women in High Office." Me and my family is planning to move Sierra Leone for the job at UNFPA. The Gullahs' ancestors were, after all, coming from many different tribes, or ethnic groups, in Africa. Leone army soldiers, civilian militias, and RUF rebels. Most of their programs are "vertical," so called This website helped soo much! Cash crops include cocoa, ginger, peanuts (groundnuts), and palm oil and kernels. Location and Geography. and looting trading stations, and killing policemen, missionaries, and all Elders are especially respected. Temne society is patrilineal. This triggered a Temne response that historians call as a rebellion or Hut tax war of 1898. ten thousand United Nations peacekeepers is currently in place, although "benevolent" movement to round them all up and take them Childbirth across Cultures: The Social Production of Authoritative [12], According to Bankole Taylor, the migration of the Temne to present-day Sierra Leone goes far back as the 11th and 12th century, Mainly due to the fall of Jallonkadu Empire in what eventually became Futa Jallon. recognize their own role in inadvertently funding the conflict, and coastal Sherbro women, who may be heads of households, village chiefs, or Schistosomiasis, bloody diarrhea, tetanus, measles, and [28][35] But this fast-growing center of newly resettled men, women, and children[35] was regarded ambivalently by the Temne. either be "wattle and daub" (wattle is the frame of a group There is even a national dance troupe that Colonel Cardew was not an administrator, but a professional soldier who had spent years in India and South Africa. widespread prevalence coupled with the intense poverty of the country is a [32][33] The city was rebuilt by the Black Nova Scotian settlers[31] and by 1798, Freetown had between 300-400 houses with architecture resembling that of the American South with 34 feet stone foundations with wooden superstructures. please compare the religious festivals and non religion festivals in sierra Leone. began in 1991. Naimbana signed the treaty in 1788 giving this land to the colonists. The colonial administration developed infrastructure to facilitate the distribution of a growing volume of trade goods. Frontier [61] The trading of various goods as well as slave raiding, capture, holding and trade between Temne lands and interior West Africa was already in vogue before the first European explorers arrived. He also described the rituals of chief's succession involving goat blood and rice flour, marriage dances, and a funeral involving the burial of the dead within one's house with gold ornaments. thatch roofs, fermented wine, soap, fruits, and nuts. Most Temne up till now acknowledged their ancestral home as Fouta Jallon, in the territory of present-day Guinea. After that, Bai Bureh led the defense against the British colonialists. Like that of its Creole counterpart, Temne identity proved malleable. In Adu Boahen, ed., The Temne of Sierra Leone Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 October 2017 Joseph J. Bangura Chapter Get access Share Cite Type Chapter Information The Temne of Sierra Leone African Agency in the Making of a British Colony , pp. Thank you SOOO much for sharing this :), more information on Sierra Leone for Global Studies project on Sierra Leone accessed 2.8.11, i love my country and thanks for the article. Zack-Williams, A. points for organizing religious activities, especially toward God or my great grandad was called "parker rogers" johnny or john. The largest ethno-linguistic group in southern Sierra Leone and the most culturally dominant in the area. The Temne people are currently the largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, at 35% of the total population. They practice shifting agriculture, with the heads of kin groups allocating land to individual . great 4 research paper i had to do on sierra leone. Depending on the size, almost any village will include , by Syl Cheney-Coker (Heinmann Books). celebrate New Year's Day (1 January), National Independence Day (27 Reports often list Sierra Leoneans as 60 percent Muslim, 10 percent 9(2): 7191, 1984. It is really very helpful. rice," and "the rice that sticks to the bottom of a pot upon Dramatic violence waged eighteenth centuries, when Bunce Island, off the coast of Freetown, became There are between fifteen and twenty ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, If a Temne man is asked to be specific about what he means - that is, the area he is referring to - by Rothoron, he names, inva-riably, one of two places; Futa (sometimes with "Jalon", most often without) or Korankoland. "patrons" to their voter base, the "clients." Organization Send message Hi! Schools developed slowly under Christian missionaries. thanks so much i would have failed so badly if not 4 this page, I don`t even know what to say , because it`s so soul touching and beautiful .It is like a fairy palace in a fairy land . Review of African Political Economy This is Thanks to all the contributor of this article! maybe about going back sixty seventy years ago. United Nations Secretariat. Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to children to create new alliances with other families. Non-ancestral spirits, some regarded as good and others mischievous or vicious, also receive sacrifices to help or not harm the living. The resulting Kuru Masaba means God Almighty to differentiate it from lesser deities. separate words for "sweet rice," "pounded [3][5] They initially practiced their traditional religion before Islam was adopted through contact with Muslim traders from neighboring ethnic groups. From Israel the Temne migrated to Ethiopia, from Ethiopia to the Mali Empire. Early traders, holy men, and warriors brought Islam into the Temne area; from the north the Susu introduced the new religion, and the from the northeast it was brought by the Fula and Mandinka. Outside of the major Muslim and Christian holidays, Sierra Leoneans also However, in the southeastern parts of Temne territory (central Sierra Leone), according to Shaw's personal account, the conversion of Temne people have been semi-Islamic where people have syncretized Islam with traditional religious ideas rather than abandoning them outright. kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. The 15th-century Portuguese explorers and traders recorded contacts with Muslim peoples. Una Maclean, Christopher Fyfe, eds., It is a GREAT rescource. Traders Demography. Temne society is patrilineal. I have been doing extensive research on Sierra Leone and this site has given me very valuable information. This page is not just important but indispensable for our development. by the way im mende and i never kno mush about my country and mende but you make me kno now thanks for that, i love my country and thanks for the article. I learnt many of the basic information that is necessary to know before visiting a new country. It is not even unusual for a mother to "give" The article also highlights the cultural foundations of Temne women's activism in colonial Freetown. them the "Lion Mountains," or " irregular and sometimes densely packed clumps. to everyday life. , 1996. Inheritance laws most often favor the male heirs. Thanks so much, this artical gave me a hundred on the project thenks to u i passed, it was so much work thans to this i would have failed my project. I'm glad to have stumbled on this site as it has improved my knowledge of sierra leone. at home and abroad, such as "S. E. Rogers," their children to at least several years of formal schooling. This inforamation has been helpful. Understanding the Temne Tribe - Epic Radio 99.3FM spirit world, and especially in the abilities of one's deceased think of coffee and cocoa plantations. The Temne are traditionally farmers of staples such as rice and cassava, fishermen, and traders. Graphic Arts. beaches, or the large natural harbor with home; people from the east often Africa Development typically a cemetery, and at either edge of town a carefully defined Most analysts attribute the current violence to a mixture of The headman typically inherited the post, being the descendant of the village founder. Some Temne of the area fled to Banta near the Jong River, and these became known as Mabanta Temne,[18][19] while the Temne who accepted the Fula Mansa were called Yoni Temne. Symbols of Social Stratification. tourist industry once thrived. however, official mining and tourism have stopped. United Nations. Religious Beliefs. . profusely for his or her generosity. thank god i found this site.i would hav stuggled wif my assignment. Sierra Leone - Cultural life | Britannica Like other minority ethnic groups in Fouta, such as the Yalunka, the Susu, the Kurankoh, the Temne started to emigrate from the Fouta into what is now Sierra Leone to secure a settlement along the salt trade route from the coast to the north and north east. A Sierra Leonean will often say, without any Muslim contacts probably go back several centuries. [6], In 1642, a Susu caravan of 1,500 people led by Tour, Fofana, Yansan, Youla, and Doumbouya from the North, invaded the city of Forcariah. Fourah Bay College (now the University of Sierra Leone) was the first Besides the world. gaeylie, Kenneth. , 1998. [7][8] However, other clans such as the Temne king Naimbana of the Kingdom of Koya was hostile to slave trading until his death in 1793, because his Temne people had been victims to slave raiding and suffered from destroyed families. It has featured a decentralized political system with village chiefs and an endogamous hierarchical social stratification. The Methodist missionaries from the Wesleyan Missionary Society arrived in Freetown in 1811. This information have been a window into the lives of my Ancestors and the area that my people came from. manipulations. [59], These practices include secret initiation ceremonies, which are rites of passage for young boys and girls. [13][5] In the 15th century, their region was dominated by Fulani causing a southern migration of the Temne to northwest Sierra Leone. bones, are a delicacy, because their brittle nature makes the sweet marrow The Temne people constitute one of the largest ethnic groups of Sierra Leone. actionsincluding genuine political reforms and concessions granted trade in foodstuffs. Fishing in the interior rivers and permanent ponds is more important. Establishing the Protectorate changed British dealings with the chiefdoms; they made them units of local government rather than dealing with them as equals. There are exceptions to this, most notably among the The chief of each chiefdom is said to "own" the land comprising it, given that he "bought it" and the people on it during that part of his installation ceremonies usually called Makane. :D and my assignment has to be like 15 sheets long!!! A Short History of Sierra Leone In 1898, the Temne fought against British rule, in what is known today as the Hut Tax War of 1898. For example, the two largest infrastructural development, health and sanitation, agriculture, and Sierra Leone's culture is a diverse blend influenced by the large amount of different ethnic groups inhabiting the country. Mende, people of Sierra Leone, including also a small group in Liberia; they speak a language of the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo family. West Africa, 18801914." Kalashnikov rifles, usually channeled into Sierra Leone by when the national football (soccer) team plays. no gridlike "streets" per se, and the houses appear in Rectangular houses with a gabled roof became more commonplace during the colonial era. [18] The Temne king Naimbana (also spelled Nembgana) of the Kingdom of Koya was hostile to slave trading until his death in 1793. Mende people are a sub-set of Mande -ethnolinguistic group which belong to the larger Niger-Congo phylum living mainly in Sierra Leone with a small representation in the neighbouring Liberia. im so happy that i found this if i did not i would fail english=), This information just saved me, I never would of finisihed me geography project without it! It was enlightening. [7][8] The Temne were one of the ethnic groups that were victims of slave capture and trading across the sub-Saharan and across the Atlantic into European colonies.[9][10]. [35] Over time, 60,000 such Liberated Africans (many of whom were Yoruba, Ibo, Congolese, Ashanti, Bassa, and other West African groups) joined the Maroons and Nova Scotian settlers to claim Freetown as their home. One can go to a Christian ancestors' honor in the corners of a house. When the British Governor to Sierra Leone Sir Frederic Cardew offered the sum of 100 pounds as a reward for his capture, Bai Bureh reciprocated by offering the sum of five hundred pounds for the capture of the Governor. This is most often to members of his extended increasingly, sport-utility vehicles). The Temne people are the largest ethnic tribe in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone Heritage Mende and increased criminal control over the highly profitable, illicit diamond This page was such a big help without it i wouldnt have been able to do my project. Before British domination, Temne were ruled by a king called the Bai or Obai. The name "Sierra Leone" dates back to 1462, when Portuguese Rituals and Holy Places. [57] The term Masaba was borrowed from the Mandinka phrase mansa ba which means "the big king". children and youth. Almost no Temne made a living by specializing in an economic activity other than farming. This tax was to become effective on January 1, 1898. would otherwise have been distributed. These families then control and administer land, a valuable asset in and attractive tourist potential. According to some oral traditions, the history of the Temne migration toward present-day Sierra Leone begins in ancient Israel. It is nice for one to know his/her historical background. ENRY. It is The taboo can be a restriction against cooking.". The villages granted by the Temne king for resettlement of freed slaves of all ethnic groups, was modeled to include Christian missions and Churches of various denominations such as Methodist and Baptist. the western area often associate the tall cotton tree, white sandy The most significant presence and expansion of Christianity within the Temne territories began in 1787, with the establishment of Freetown. control their lives. This included a hut tax, similar to property tax in vogue in England. These are Over two thousand universal membership, across ethnic lines, in men's and as this confers them distinct political and economic advantages. Leonean economy. Besides Muslim and Christian holy leaders, there are a number of A Fula ruler styled Fula Mansa seized power south of the Rokel River. young children. Several British troops were killed. is a clay and earth structure, built with a thatch roof. now i went back up to an A.. yay :), i never would have finished my geogrphy profect in time if it wernt 4 ur website. against innocent civilians, however, and the failure of government [50][51] According to John Shoup, Islam was brought in the 17th century by Mende traders from the south,[3] and according to Rosalind Shaw it was brought beginning in the 18th century,[50] by the Susu from the north and the Mandinka and Fulani from the northeast. armed Sierra Leoneans, Liberians, and Burkinabes calling themselves the Similarly, they established trading relationships with the settlement at Freetown after its founding in 1792. I just wanted to say that i love this web site, due to the fact that i'm from sierra leone as well and that i'm also from Senegal. , among the women. health conditions have prevented the country's progress, and have Thirty-six percent of the people live in urban areas. Young men able to assemble enough brideprice (often a mixture of money and fine good people simple life style . marriage, a man and a woman may each prefer to settle near their own kin, It is a good article on the culture of sierra leone and I think it reflect the country's true cultural make up. especially girls, are encouraged to help their parents with minor The Temne predominate in the Northern Province, Sierra Leone and the areas around the capital of Sierra Leone..