In fact, there is a virtuous circle where acquisition of trustable information reduces ignorance, which leads to better use of better information, etc., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Yes, trusted methods will emerge to block false narratives and allow accurate information to prevail, and, yes, the quality and veracity of information online will deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas. marketing that product. Any safeguards will appear as a way to further control narrative and propagandize the population.. By Bieke Zaman and Marije Nouwen, Filtering: The Man in the Middle. Which one of the following statements on Filtering and Sorting is true? It is being replaced by social media, where there are few if any moral or ethical guidelines or constraints on the performance of informational roles., A project leader for a science institute commented, We live in an era where most people get their news via social media and it is very easy to spread fake news. Regulatory options may include unbundling social networks like Facebook into smaller entities. Many of those who expect the information environment to improve anticipate that information literacy training and other forms of assistance will help people become more sophisticated consumers. However, the ALA recognizes that local libraries and schools are governed by local decision makers and local considerations and often must rely on federal or state funding for computers and internet access. In fact, a share of the respondents predicted that the online information environment will not improve in the next decade because any requirement for authenticated identities would take away the publics highly valued free-speech rights and allow major powers to control the information environment. Their reasoning revealed a wide range of opinions about the nature of these threats and the most likely solutions required to resolve them. Question 10 2 pts Which one of the following statements is accurate about the Sorting and Filtering in Excel? people tend to seek information that aligns with their views. If an article bursts into collective consciousness and is later proven to be fake, the sites that control or host that content could refuse to distribute advertising revenue to the entity that created or published it. Which of the following outlines an advantage of inhibition of return? An analysis of misinformation from five samples across the United States, Europe, and Mexico showed that substantial portions of each populationanywhere from 15% to 37%believed misinformation about COVID-19 in April and May 2020, representing what the authors call a "major threat to public health.". Filtering Options: "Is any of" & "Isn't any of" - Zengine () Listen RESPONSE BOARD Do you agree that Bernie Ebbers's lack of conflict-management skills was a contributing factor in the fall of WorldCom? The most important action societies can take to protect people is education, information and training., An early internet developer and security consultant commented, Fake news is not a product of a flaw in the communications channel and cannot be fixed by a fix to the channel. Step 1: Get rid of unwanted observations The first stage in any data cleaning process is to remove the observations (or data points) you don't want. D) When the majority of font words are scripted in a different font, Aadil will identify the incongruent fonts quickly. Which of the following would be least likely to engage controlled attention? A professor based in North America said, [This] is a capitalist system. How to Filter Query Results in SQL - FutureLearn Governor Mifflin School District And Filtering Of LGBT Online Content, Franks v. Metropolitan Board of Public Education. Right now, many people naively believe what they read on social media. The digital environment offers opportunities for accessing, creating, and sharing information. Low conflict leads to high performance. In addition, there will be a reaction to the prevalence of false information so that people are more willing to act to assure their information will be accurate., Howard Rheingold, pioneer researcher of virtual communities, longtime professor and author of Net Smart: How to Thrive Online, noted, As I wrote in Net Smart in 2012, some combination of education, algorithmic and social systems can help improve the signal-to-noise ratio online with the caveat that misinformation/disinformation versus verified information is likely to be a continuing arms race. Resolution on Opposition to Federally Mandated Internet Filtering(2001). James is experiencing, Jill is angry with Jack because he made a disparaging comment to another male, coworker about women during the team meeting. Things will improve because people individually and collectively will make it so.. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. exam 2 possibly Flashcards | Chegg.com B) The filtering function can be applied to only one data set on a worksheet. What kind of communication error did Sally make? Who holds them accountable for the decisions they make on behalf of all of us? Each can have real facts, but it is the facts that are gathered that matter in coming to a conclusion; who will determine what facts will be considered or what is even considered a fact., A research assistant at MIT noted, Fake and true are not as binary as we would like, and combined with an increasingly connected and complex digital society its a challenge to manage the complexity of social media without prescribing a narrative as truth., An internet pioneer and longtime leader at ICANN said, There is little prospect of a forcing factor that will emerge that will improve the truthfulness of information in the internet., A vice president for stakeholder engagement said, Trust networks are best established with physical and unstructured interaction, discussion and observation. The Weekly World News had a circulation of over a million for its mostly fictional news stories that are printed and sold in a format closely resembling a newspaper. Bart Knijnenburg, researcher on decision-making and recommender systems and assistant professor of computer science at Clemson University, said, Two developments will help improve the information environment: 1) News will move to a subscription model (like music, movies, etc.) People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. Visit our Fight Censorship page for easy-to-access resources. () Listen RESPONSE BOARD Do you agree that Bernie Ebbers's lack of conflict-management skills was a contributing factor in the fall of WorldCom? Those players will be a key driver in the worsening of the information environment in the coming years and/or the lack of any serious attempts to effectively mitigate the problem. B) If 25% of items are congruent, the participant will more quickly identify an incongruent item than another person whose task involves 75% congruency. They will only continue the centralization of power in a small number of companies that control the flow of information.. I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries (2007) Connie is at a club talking with her boyfriend Cody, when her attention is suddenly directed to someone yelling out the name Adam. Which one of the following statements on Filtering and Sorting is true? Which of the following correctly outlines a limitation to Broadbent's single filter model? A) Target detection is faster in the cued location through the use of automatic processing. Featured Speakers: Doug Archer, Bob Bocher, Deborah Caldwell-Stone, Jamie LaRue, Michael Robinson For the environment to improve, we need substantial improvements in education systems across the world in relation to critical thinking, social literacy, information literacy, and cyberliteracy (see Laura Guraks book Cyberliteracy)., Su Sonia Herring, an editor and translator, commented, Misinformation and fake news will exist as long as humans do; they have existed ever since language was invented. The presence of largescale landlords controlling significant sections of the ecosystem (e.g., Google, Facebook) aids in this counter-response., A professor in technology law at a West-Coast-based U.S. university said, Intermediaries such as Facebook and Google will develop more-robust systems to reward legitimate producers and punish purveyors of fake news., A longtime director for Google commented, Companies like Google and Facebook are investing heavily in coming up with usable solutions. By Sarah Houghton published in Library Technology Reports, Why Filters Won't Protect Children or Adults (2004) A share of respondents said a lack of commonly shared knowledge leads many in society to doubt the reliability of everything, causing them to simply drop out of civic participation, depleting the number of active and informed citizens. Counter-forces are already emerging. Rich Ling, Susan Hares, a pioneer with the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) and longtime internet engineering strategist, now a consultant, said, Society simply needs to decide that the press no longer provides unbiased information, and it must pay for unbiased and verified information., Christopher Jencks, a professor emeritus at Harvard University, said, Reducing fake news requires a profession whose members share a commitment to getting it right. They predicted a future information landscape in which fake information crowds out reliable information. I believe the outrage resulting from recent events will, on balance, lead to a net improvement, but viewed with hindsight, the improvement may be viewed as inadequate. Sally did not consider her. In the longer term, Im optimistic that the second force will dominate as transaction cost-reduction appears to be relatively in favor of crowds versus concentrated institutions., A past chairman of a major U.S. scientific think tank and former CEO replied, [The information environment] should improve because there are many techniques that can be brought to bear both human-mediated such as collective intelligence via user voting and rating and technological responses that are either very early in their evolution or not or not deployed at all. Participants were next asked to explain their answers. 3) A few trusted sources will continue to dominate the internet., Irene Wu, adjunct professor of communications, culture and technology at Georgetown University, said, Information will improve because people will learn better how to deal with masses of digital information. High-quality journalism has been decimated due to changes in the attention economy. which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate?papa smurf tattoo Which of the following would not be an example of external communication Question options: Sales office memo Memo Request for Proposal Press release, Which is not a benefit of effective communications? Chicago, IL: American Association of School Librarians (AASL) Worse, their active philosophy is that assessing and responding to likely or potential negative impacts of their inventions is both not theirs to do and even shouldnt be done., Patricia Aufderheide, professor of communications and founder of the Center for Media and Social Impact at American University, said, Major interests are not invested enough in reliability to create new business models and political and regulatory standards needed for the shift. For instance, Christian H. Huitema, former president of the Internet Architecture Board, commented, The quality of information will not improve in the coming years, because technology cant improve human nature all that much.. Filters often block adults and minors from accessing a wide range of constitutionally protected speech. C) Triesman proposed that all information is passed through the physical filter, where ratings of importance are made, to the semantic filter to determine what is attended to. Since there are multiple approaches you can take for completing each of these tasks, we'll focus instead on the high-level activities. Online echo chambers or silos divide people into separate camps, at times even inciting them to express anger and hatred at a volume not seen in previous communications forms. They expect that users will gravitate toward more reliable information and that knowledge providers will respond in kind. Digital resources and services allow libraries to significantly expand the scope of information available to users. This is a wake-up call to the news industry, policy makers and journalists to refine the system of news production. What is content filtering and how does it work? - SearchSecurity The majority of participants in this canvassing wrote detailed elaborations on their views. This report concentrates on these follow-up responses. There has been a tremendous insertion of complex systems into many aspects of how we live in the decades since World War II, fueled by a tremendous growth in knowledge in general. Those who pursue more-accurate information and rely on better-informed sources will separate from those who are not selective enough or who do not invest either the time or the money in doing so. To maximize the chances of sending effective communication, it is advisable to use a single channel People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication . Which of the following would result in the fastest visual search time amongst an array consisting of green and red B's and green, blue, and red D's? People will continue to cosset their own cognitive biases.. Sally is struggling in her Freshman Composition class and sends the following text to her father, complaining about. DECENT is an early example. And an anonymous respondent from Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society said, They will be cryptographically verified, with concepts., But others were less confident that blockchain will work. Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. by the ACLU of Rhode Island. Our brains are not wired to contend with the pace of technological change: These respondents said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet and emerging online applications will magnify these human tendencies and that technology-based solutions will not be able to overcome them. Everything, ok? Anthony responds quickly and carelessly: No worries, g2 wrk nw. Anthonys message to his coworker is. There will be a sort of gold standard set of sources, and there will be the fringe. They will keep unfriending those who dont, and passing on rumors and fake news that agrees with their point of view. Profound levels of ungrounded beliefs about things both sacred and profane existed before the branding of fake news. Belief systems not truths help to cement identities, forge relationships, explain the unexplainable., Julian Sefton-Green, professor of new media education at Deakin University in Australia, said, The information environment is an extension of social and political tensions. A) Inhibition of return promotes an individual attending to new and unsearched locations, thereby resulting in a more efficient visual search. Young people are growing into a world where those skills are not being taught., Julia Koller, a learning solutions lead developer, replied, Information is only as reliable as the people who are receiving it. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. Theme 1: The information environment will not improve: The problem is human nature Theme 2: The information environment will not improve because technology will create new challenges that can't or won't be countered effectively and at scale Theme 3: The information environment will improve because technology will help label, filter or ban misinformation and thus upgrade the public's . The existence of clickbait sites make it easy for conspiracy theories to be rapidly spread by people who do not bother to read entire articles, nor look for trusted sources. The information environment will NOT improve In the next 10 years, on balance, the information environment will NOT BE improved by changes designed to reduce the spread of lies and other misinformation online. Therefore there is ever more information that competes for attention, for credibility and for influence. Which of the following organizational processes does communication fulfill? afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. Jamais Cascio. Mike DeVito, A sociologist doing research on technology and civic engagement at MIT said, Though likely to get worse before it gets better, the 2016-2017 information ecosystem problems represent a watershed moment and call to action for citizens, policymakers, journalists, designers and philanthropists who must work together to address the issues at the heart of misinformation., Michael Zimmer, associate professor and privacy and information ethics scholar at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee commented, This is a social problem that cannot be solved via technology.. First, the likes of the user, the user's interest, user's personal information such as age or, sometimes the user's history too. Center for Democracy and Technology, Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material(2018) Solving this problem will require larger changes in society., A number of respondents mentioned market capitalism as a primary obstacle to improving the information environment. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Information provided by the ALA Advocacy and Public Policy Office. Recorded: September 2014, American Library Association/Association for Library Service to Children,Notable Children's Digital Media, American Civil Liberties Union Jack. A) Information with a low degree of saliency is ignored and doesn't go on for further processing. Yes, of course. The question arises, then: What will happen to the online information environment in the coming decade? How much power are we turning over to them to govern our social discourse? High conflict. D. Only one filter can be applied at a time. The problem is that its *still* very hard for computer systems to analyze text, find assertions made in the text and crosscheck them. By Andrew K. Przybylski and Victoria Nash published in the Journal of Pediatrics"Contrary to our hypotheses, policy, and industry advice regarding the assumed benefits of filtering we found convincing evidence that Internet filters were not effective at shielding early adolescents from aversive online experiences. Research demonstrates that filters consistently both over- and underblock the content they claim to filter. Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry (2016) Two rows in a. Areas of assistance include policy development, First Amendment issues, and professional ethics. It operates at the Network layer and offers good performance but is the least secure. But it seems the default choice when reading replies to a post is "Top Comments" which is filtered to keep your sensitive eyes from reading anything deemed false or distasteful. What is a fact? Itll be the continuing dumbing down of the masses, although the upper cadres (educated/thoughtful) will read/see/know, and continue to battle., An anonymous respondent said, There will be a sort of gold standard set of sources, and there will be the fringe., Many who see little hope for improvement of the information environment said technology will not save society from distortions, half-truths, lies and weaponized narratives. D) The early selection filter because it does not filter out irrelevant physical information until after irrelevant semantic information is filtered out early in processing. Anonymous engineer, J. Nathan Matias, a postdoctoral researcher at Princeton University and previously a visiting scholar at MITs Center for Civic Media, wrote, Through ethnography and largescale social experiments, I have been encouraged to see volunteer communities with tens of millions of people work together to successfully manage the risks from inaccurate news., A researcher of online harassment working for a major internet information platform commented, If there are nonprofits keeping technology in line, such as an ACLU-esque initiative, to monitor misinformation and then partner with spaces like Facebook to deal with this kind of news spam, then yes, the information environment will improve. They predicted that manipulative actors will use new digital tools to take advantage of humans inbred preference for comfort and convenience and their craving for the answers they find in reinforcing echo chambers. Relying on algorithms and automated measures will result in various unwanted consequences. This will use a combination of organizational and technological tools but above all, will require a sharpened sense of good judgment and access to diverse, including rivalrous, sources. Teaching judgment has always been the solution, and it always will be. They noted their faith was grounded in history, arguing that humans have always found ways to innovate to overcome problems. also see thesummary and links to individual reports. This makes many vulnerable to accepting and acting on misinformation. Technological advancements and civil-awareness efforts will yield varied ways to continuously purge misinformation from it, to keep it reasonably reliable., An author and journalist based in North America said, I believe this era could spawn a new one a flight to quality in which time-starved citizens place high value on verified news sources., A professor of law at a major U.S. state university commented, Things wont get better until we realize that accurate news and information are a public good that require not-for-profit leadership and public subsidy., Marc Rotenberg, president of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, wrote, The problem with online news is structural: There are too few gatekeepers, and the internet business model does not sustain quality journalism. Unless significant measures are taken in the present and unless all the companies in our digital information ecosystem use strategic foresight to map out the future I dont see how fake news could possibly be reduced by 2027., Ian Peter, internet pioneer, historian and activist, observed, It is not in the interests of either the media or the internet giants who propagate information, nor of governments, to create a climate in which information cannot be manipulated for political, social or economic gain. Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between conflict and performance is true? Information with the intent to deceive, opinions masquerading as facts, exciting developments, boring truths, crafty deceptions they are all part of the internet "information soup." These developments have given rise to the new term, information literacy "the ability to discern between information that is relevant and accurate . OAKLAND, Calif. California voters are poised to reject an affirmative action measure despite a summer of racial justice activism and overwhelming support for Black Lives Matter in one of the . Edited by Martin Garnarand Trina Magi with ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom However, James has chosen to not mention her, inattention to detail and her habit of coming into the office late. B) The words themselves cannot be ignored. D) A majority of incongruent items leading to a decreased Stroop effect. Where there is a capitalistic incentive to provide content to consumers, and those networks of distribution originate in a huge variety of transnational and even extra-national economies and political systems, the ability to control veracity will be far outstripped by the capability and willingness to supply any kind of content to any kind of user.. Clinical Improvement in Depression and Cognitive Deficit Following A ________ attack is an attack that is made before attack signatures for the threat are defined. Most respondents who expect the environment to worsen said human nature is at fault. Anonymous respondent. But a pernicious harm of fake news is the doubt it sows about the reliability of all news. In a spatial cueing paradigm, the target appears shortly after the cue, and equally often in both cued and uncued locations at random on the left and right sides. A) Inhibition of return promotes an individual attending to new and unsearched locations, thereby resulting in a more efficient visual search. Conflict sells, especially to the opposition party, therefore the opposition news agency will be incentivized to push a narrative and agenda. What is truth? We can also not trust the businesses and industries that develop and facilitate these digital texts and tools to make changes that will significantly improve the situation., Greg Swanson, media consultant with ITZonTarget, noted, The sorting of reliable versus fake news requires a trusted referee. Medium conflict leads to high performance. True False QUESTION 2 Irani's position on commodity businesses was, Dorian is having trouble with her team. A longtime technology editor and columnist based in Europe, commented, The blockchain approach used for Bitcoin, etc., could be used to distribute content. global greece study set bcs for some reason n, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, MARK2051 Week 4 Stimulus Perception Ch 8 & Ch, MCAT- Behavioral Sciences- 4.2 Problem-Solvin. However, a major drawback of ECT is its cognitive side effects. The audiences typically are looking for information that fits their belief systems, so it is a really tough problem.. Its how people choose to react and access to information and news thats important, not the mechanisms that distribute them., Charlie Firestone, executive director at the Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program, commented, In the future, tagging, labeling, peer recommendations, new literacies (media, digital) and similar methods will enable people to sift through information better to find and rely on factual information. B) Dual filter model Which of the following model of attention best describes this scenario? This is a wake-up call to the news industry, policy makers and journalists to refine the system of news production., Maja Vujovic, senior copywriter for the Comtrade Group, predicted, The information environment will be increasingly perceived as a public good, making its reliability a universal need. The more a given source is attributed to fake news, the lower it will sit in the credibility tree. Anthony overslept and has three voicemails on his phone from his boss telling him to come into work immediately, for an emergency planning meeting. After the 2016 election, the issue of fake information has been spotlighted.. For every fact there is a counterfact and all these counterfacts and facts look identical online, which is confusing to most people.. Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? Anonymous survey participants also responded: A number of respondents believe there will be policy remedies that move beyond whatever technical innovations emerge in the next decade. D) A green P. What aspect of the Stroop task demonstrates controlled processing? Tom Wolzien, chairman of The Video Call Center and Wolzien LLC, said, The market will not clean up the bad material, but will shift focus and economic rewards toward the reliable. The 49% of these experts who expect things to improve generally inverted that reasoning: Technology can help fix these problems: These more hopeful experts said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet, apps and platforms can be harnessed to rein in fake news and misinformation campaigns. Were doomed to living in targeted information bubbles., An anonymous survey participant noted, Misinformation will play a major role in conflicts between nations and within competing parties within nation states., danah boyd, principal researcher at Microsoft Research and founder of Data & Society, wrote, Whats at stake right now around information is epistemological in nature. But the underlying pathology wont be tamed through technology alone. I will help you in this solution. "The negative effects of content filters on Internet access in public libraries and schools are demonstrable and documented.